{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:38:27Z","timestamp":1767991107342,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2131,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> We investigated the effects of 3\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010nitrophenol (4\u2010nitro\u2010<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010cresol, PNMC) isolated from diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the reproductive functions of male rats. Twenty\u2010eight\u2010day\u2010old rats were injected subcutaneously with PNMC (1, 10, or 100 mg\/kg) daily for 5 days. The weights of the epididymis, seminal vesicle, and Cowper gland were significantly decreased in rats treated with 10 mg\/kg PNMC. The plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly increased by PNMC at 100 mg\/kg. However, the plasma concentrations of testosterone and immunoreactive (ir)\u2010inhibin were significantly decreased by PNMC at 100 mg\/kg. The testosterone content of the testicles was significantly decreased in the group treated with 100 mg\/kg PNMC compared with the control group. Furthermore, testicular concentration of ir\u2010inhibin was significantly decreased by PNMC at 1 mg\/kg or 100 mg\/kg. To investigate the direct effects of PNMC on the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland, and on the secretion of testosterone from the testes, we exposed cultured anterior pituitary and interstitial Leydig cells to PNMC (10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> M) with or without gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH; 10 nM) (for the LH and FSH tests) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 0.1 IU\/mL) (for the testosterone test) for 24 hours. PNMC did not change either the basal or GnRH\u2010stimulated levels of FSH and LH secretion. However, PNMC significantly inhibited both basal and hCG\u2010stimulated testosterone production. These findings suggest that PNMC has a direct effect on the testes of immature male rats, causing a reduction in testosterone secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,23]],"date-time":"2007-02-23T04:52:38Z","timestamp":1172206358000},"page":"252-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of 3\u2010Methyl\u20104\u2010Nitrophenol in Diesel Exhaust Particles on the Regulation of Testicular Function in Immature Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Taneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira 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