{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:21:32Z","timestamp":1791152492492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2005,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> plays a prominent role in the regulation of critical functions of spermatozoa, such as capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and fertilization. While there is consensus that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> is essential, researchers have reported conflicting results as to what happens to Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> flux across the sperm membrane during capacitation and AR. The purpose of the present study was to further delineate the function of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels and their role in sperm capacitation and AR. Epididymides were obtained from healthy adult male hamsters. Spermatozoa were washed with modified Tyrode medium supplemented with 0.3% bovine serum albumin, adjusted to 4.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> motile sperm\/mL and incubated in 200\u2010\u03bcL droplets for 4 hours at 37\u00b0C in the presence of trifluoperazine (TFP), a calmodulin inhibitor, at 25, 50, 100, or 150 nM; verapamil (VP), a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel inhibitor, at 25, 50, 100, or 150 nM; or nifedipine (NF), a voltage\u2010dependent Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel inhibitor, at 50, 100, 200, or 400 nM. Spermatozoa were assessed for AR by using Coomassie brilliant blue staining techniques. Results indicated that incubation of sperm with Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel inhibitors for 4 hours significantly reduced AR in the study groups (TFP: 88% \u00b1 2.3%, 65% \u00b1 2.0%, 60% \u00b1 2.2%, 54 % \u00b1 2.2%, respectively; VP: 45% \u00b1 1.3%, 23 % \u00b1 1.2%, 12% \u00b1 1.0%, 8% \u00b1 0.6%, respectively; and NF: 11% \u00b1 0.8%, 9% \u00b1 0.3%, 7.0% \u00b1 0.1%, 6.0% \u00b1 0.1%, respectively) compared with control group (95% \u00b1 3.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). However, increasing the concentrations of TFP and NF did not result in further suppression of AR. In summary, the antagonists of calmodulin and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel inhibitors suppress sperm AR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.001958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]],"date-time":"2007-06-22T20:00:56Z","timestamp":1182542456000},"page":"561-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> Flux Inhibitors on Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Huai L.","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi B.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avner","family":"Hershlag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei 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