{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:33:39Z","timestamp":1767850419314,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1941,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> Past studies have shown that the epithelial lining of the epididymis in adult mice deficient in protective protein cathepsin A (PPCA \u2212\/\u2212) becomes swollen and vacuolated as a result of an accumulation of pale lysosomes, some very large, in addition to the presence of an abundance of macrophages infiltrating the intertubular spaces. The purpose of this study was to assess the integrity of the epididymal epithelial\u2014blood barrier in these altered mice by characterizing the distribution of claudins (Cldns) and the leakiness of tight junctions to lanthanum nitrate. A second goal was to characterize sperm motility behavior in PPCA \u2212\/\u2212 mice using computer\u2010assisted sperm analyses (CASA). The results indicated that lanthanum nitrate penetrated apical junctional complexes between adjacent epithelial cells and entered the epididymal lumen in PPCA \u2212\/\u2212 mice but not in control PPCA +\/+ mice. Immunostaining for Cldns 1, 3, 8, and 10 revealed unique patterns of expression based on cell type and region specificity in PPCA +\/+ mice, which were much different in PPCA \u2013\/\u2013 mice. PPCA \u2013\/\u2013 mice showed reduced intensities of immunoreactions, complete absence of immunoreactions, and appearance of atypical cytoplasmic immunoreactions. CASA indicated that sperm counts in the PPCA \u2013\/\u2013 mice were 70% reduced, and among other problems, there was a fourfold higher percentage of static sperm in PPCA \u2013\/\u2013 mice compared with controls. These results suggest that PPCA deficiency causes structural changes to the blood\u2010epididymal barrier as evidenced by lanthanum nitrate and Cldns expression that affects the luminal environment of the epididymis, resulting in altered sperm motility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.002980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,21]],"date-time":"2007-08-21T23:33:04Z","timestamp":1187739184000},"page":"784-797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Structural Alterations of Epididymal Epithelial Cells in Cathepsin A\u2014Deficient Mice Affect the Blood\u2010Epididymal Barrier and Lead to Altered Sperm 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