{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:06:47Z","timestamp":1778717207182,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1461,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT: <\/jats:bold> The early neonatal development of boars is characterized by significant testicular production of androgens and estrogens, including an anabolic steroid hormone, 19\u2010nortestosterone. The present study was conducted to determine the expression and presence of steroidogenic and steroid hormone metabolism\u2014related enzymes in the testes of neonatal and 4\u2010month\u2010old prepubertal pigs. Quantitative analyses with real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were utilized to reveal mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The localization of the molecules in the testes was determined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expressions of the molecules tested were mostly significantly increased between 1 and 3 weeks of age and decreased at 4 months of age, compared with those at 0 weeks of age. The protein levels of cytochrome P450 aromatase and carbonyl reductase 1 were significantly increased between 1 and 3 weeks of age and decreased at 4 months of age. However, protein expression patterns of other molecules differed from those of mRNA expression, which implied the existence of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that all of the molecules were present in Leydig cells of the pig testis, regardless of age, except cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage in germ cells and 17\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 on the blood\u2010testis barrier at 4 months of age. Aldose reductase and 3\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were localized in both Leydig and Sertoli cells. We postulate that marked rises in the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the pig testis during early neonatal development could be associated with peak production of 19\u2010nortestosterone, thus eventually leading to the early growth of male pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.004796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,3]],"date-time":"2008-12-03T02:49:17Z","timestamp":1228272557000},"page":"57-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ontogeny of Expression and Localization of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Neonatal and Prepubertal Pig Testes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Inho","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoo Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung Soo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongsoo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nag\u2010Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hak\u2010Jae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0680009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 aromatase in male germ cells","volume":"35","author":"Carreau S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2007.1832"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod31.5.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0008u.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.2.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"Oestrogens, compared to other steroids of testicular origin, in blood plasma of boars","volume":"94","author":"Claus R.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0530377"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.4.789"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod54.2.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0120155"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0650195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.11.5202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9941902581"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0220227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-174-41719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 aromatase in the testis of immature and mature pigs","volume":"1","author":"Fraczek B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.6.1629"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100538200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90272-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Morphophysiological correlation of boar Leydig cell development during postnatal stage","volume":"73","author":"Herrera J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600969440"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(96)00174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00153-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1999.tb00252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Evidence for the presence of endogenous 19\u2010nortestosterone in the cow peripartum and in the neonatal calf","volume":"126","author":"Mayer HH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220329"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2005.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.3.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.454722x","article-title":"Hyperplasic and hypertrophic growth in organs and tissues of the neonatal pig","volume":"45","author":"Sarkar NK","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(89)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1280173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0960127"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7941003x","article-title":"The effect of early postnatal treatment with a gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone agonist on the developmental profiles of testicular steroid hormones in the intact male pig","volume":"79","author":"Sinclair PA","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a804947e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/40.7.1607640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42232-6","article-title":"Pig testicular 20 beta\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase exhibits carbonyl reductase\u2010like structure and activity. cDNA cloning of pig testicular 20beta\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"267","author":"Tanaka M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1993.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod17.4.467"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod18.1.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00057a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.16077"}],"container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2164%2Fjandrol.107.004796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2164\/jandrol.107.004796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:05:45Z","timestamp":1697119545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2164\/jandrol.107.004796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2164\/jandrol.107.004796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2164\/jandrol.107.004796","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-3635","1939-4640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-3635","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-4640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]}}}