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By using differential display screening and DNA sequence analyses, we isolated a rat bactericidal\/permeability\u2010increasing protein (BPI) possessing a signal sequence at its N\u2010terminal, which was expressed in the caput region of epididymis, but not in the caudal region. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and in situ hybridization showed that rat <jats:italic>BPI<\/jats:italic> messenger RNA (mRNA) was highly expressed in caput epididymal epithelium and that its expression level was developmentally up\u2010regulated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy with the anti\u2010BPI antibody revealed that in both rats and mice, BPI protein was detected on granulelike structures in the lumen of both caput and cauda epididymal ducts, as well as at the sperm surface covering the acrosome region in spermatozoa freshly isolated from epididymis. Acrosome reaction induced by calcium ionophore A23187 in vitro brought about the disappearance of BPI on mouse spermatozoa. These data suggested that BPI, which is synthesized in caput epididymis and secreted into the lumen, is associated with not only the granulelike structures, but also the sperm surface covering the acrosome region, and that BPI bound to the acrosome region is extinguished by acrosome reaction. Possibly BPI bound to the sperm surface covering the acrosome region in rodent spermatozoa is involved in sperm maturation or fertilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.109.007880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,18]],"date-time":"2010-03-18T21:45:27Z","timestamp":1268948727000},"page":"201-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bactericidal\/Permeability\u2010Increasing Protein Is Associated With the Acrosome Region of Rodent Epididymal 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