{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1774614653759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"USAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"International Water Management Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study characterizes the hydrological regime of the Upper Ayeyarwaddy River Basin (UARB) of Myanmar under current and future climate change scenarios by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model simulation results show that the annual precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and water yields are 1,578, 524 and 1,010 mm, respectively. These will increase by 13\u201328%, 11\u201324% and 42\u2013198% under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, for the future. There is seasonal variability across the cool, hot and rainy seasons in the agro-ecological regions \u2013 mountains, hills and inland plains. As in other Asian regions, the model shows that the wet (rainy) season is becoming wetter and the dry (cool) season is becoming drier in the UARB too.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wcc.2022.407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T10:50:20Z","timestamp":1657104620000},"page":"2577-2596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hydrologic characterization of the Upper Ayeyarwaddy River Basin and the impact of climate change"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pabitra","family":"Gurung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shashwat","family":"Dhungana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aung","family":"Kyaw Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Bharati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"b International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC), Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C1","first-page":"1491","article-title":"SWAT: model use, calibration, and validation","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C2","unstructured":"Bharati\n            L.\n          , BhattaraiU., KhadkaA., GurungP., NeumannL. E., PentonD. J., DhaubanjarS. & NepalS.2019From the Mountains to the Plains: Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in the Koshi River Basin. IWMI Working Paper 187. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, p. 41."},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C3","volume-title":"Land Use and Land Cover Map of Salween and Ayeyarwady River Basins for the Year 2014 [Dateset]","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C4","year":"2007"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.07.002","article-title":"The Earth System Grid Federation: an open infrastructure for access to distributed geospatial data","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-019-02444-3","article-title":"A multi-temporal analysis of streamflow using multiple CMIP5 GCMs in the Upper Ayerawaddy Basin, Myanmar","volume":"155","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"05020018","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001950","article-title":"Applicability of lumped hydrological models in a data-constrained river basin of Asia","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering"},{"issue":"D6","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD02072","article-title":"Introduction to special section: regional climate modeling revisited","volume":"104","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C9","first-page":"6185","article-title":"Technical note: downscaling RCM precipitation to the station scale using quantile mapping \u2013 a comparison of methods","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C10","first-page":"113","article-title":"Vulnerability in Myanmar: a secondary data review of needs, coverage and gaps","author":"HARP-F & MIMU","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C11","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Assessing Climate Risk in Myanmar","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSSOC.2015.068071","article-title":"Hydropower development in Myanmar and its implications on regional energy cooperation","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12256","article-title":"Climate change impacts on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in the 3S Rivers of the Mekong Basin","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water and Environment Journal"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12534","article-title":"Responses of river discharge and sediment load to climate change in the transboundary Mekong River Basin","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water and Environment Journal"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13143-020-00180-8","article-title":"Evaluation and projection of regional climate over East Asia in CORDEX-East Asia Phase I experiment","volume":"57","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences"},{"key":"2022090301303358200_JWC-D-21-00407C16","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Global Climate Risk Index 2016: Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? 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