{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:17:15Z","timestamp":1791123435522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we wished to assess the prevalence and determine the sources of three zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) in the Salmon River watershed in southwestern British Columbia. Surface water, sewage, and animal faecal samples were collected from the watershed. Selective bacterial culture and PCR techniques were used to isolate these three pathogens and indicator bacteria from these samples and characterize them. Campylobacter was the most prevalent pathogen in all samples, followed by Salmonella, and E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella isolation rates from water, as well as faecal coliform densities correlated positively with precipitation, while Campylobacter isolation rates correlated negatively with precipitation. Analysis of DNA extracted from water samples for the presence of Bacteroides host-species markers, and comparisons of C. jejuniflaA-RFLP types and Salmonella serovars from faecal and water samples provided evidence that human sewage and specific domestic and wild animal species were sources of these pathogens; however, in most cases the source could not be determined or more than one source was possible. The frequent isolation of these zoonotic pathogens in the Salmon River highlights the risks to human health associated with intentional and unintentional consumption of untreated surface waters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T16:13:38Z","timestamp":1294416818000},"page":"374-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The occurrence and sources of Campylobacter spp., Salmonellaenterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Salmon River, British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Cassandra C.","family":"Jokinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Box 640, Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 3Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schreier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Resources & Environment & Faculty of Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Mauro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Box 640, Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 3Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Taboada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Box 640, Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 3Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith L.","family":"Isaac-Renton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver British Columbia, V5Z 4R4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Topp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Edge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington Ontario, L7R 4A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor P. J.","family":"Gannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Box 640, Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 3Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,9]]},"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/8\/2\/374\/397345\/374.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/8\/2\/374\/397345\/374.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T22:48:55Z","timestamp":1585262935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/8\/2\/374\/381\/The-occurrence-and-sources-of-Campylobacter-spp"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2009.076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,9]]}}}