{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T11:15:44Z","timestamp":1759058144228},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated the ability of UNICEF-designed pot-chlorinators to achieve recommended free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in well water in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during a cholera outbreak. Thirty wells were randomly selected from six neighbourhoods. Pot-chlorinators \u2013 perforated plastic bottles filled with gravel, sand and calcium hypochlorite granules \u2013 were placed in each well. FRC was measured before and 24, 48 and 72 h after placement and compared with World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended levels of \u22651 mg L\u22121 for well water during cholera outbreaks and 0.2\u20135 mg L\u22121 in non-outbreak settings. Presence of well covers, distance from wells to latrines, and rainfall were noted. Complete post-chlorination data were collected from 26 wells. At baseline, no wells had FRC &amp;gt;0.09 mg L\u22121. At 24, 48 and 72 h post-chlorination, 4 (15%), 1 (4%) and 0 wells had FRC \u22651 mg L\u22121 and 16 (62%), 4 (15%) and 1 (4%) wells had FRC between 0.2 and 5 mg L\u22121, respectively. Several families reported discontinuing household water chlorination after wells were treated with pot-chlorinators. Pot-chlorinators failed to achieve WHO-recommended FRC levels in well water during a cholera outbreak, and conveyed a false sense of security to local residents. Pot-chlorination should be discouraged and alternative approaches to well-water disinfection promoted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2011.122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T12:39:43Z","timestamp":1360672783000},"page":"394-402","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evaluation of pot-chlorination of wells during a cholera outbreak, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, 2008"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailstop C-25, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer assigned to the Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MSC-09, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Serafim","family":"da Goia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bissau Department of Water and Sanitation, Ao cuidado de Eng. Leonel Gomes, Guin\u00e9 Telecom Apartado 100-1011 Bxo Codex Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Carlos","family":"dos Santos Barrado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sergio Arouca Public Health National School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Leopoldo Bulhoes, 1480 \u2013 Manguinhos, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agla\u00ear Alves","family":"da N\u00f3brega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPISUS\/CIEVS\/SVS, Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco G, Brasilia, DF Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e1cio Carvalho","family":"de Alvarenga J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Guinea Bissau, Av. Pansau Na Isna, PO Box 177, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto Paulo","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade - Secretaria de Estado, Avenida Unidade Africana, Caixa Postal 50-1013 Bissau Cedex, Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Sobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailstop E-93, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Mintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailstop A-38, Global WASH Epidemiology Team, WDPB, DBFMD, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/394\/397633\/394.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/394\/397633\/394.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T20:36:23Z","timestamp":1585254983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/9\/2\/394\/1748\/Evaluation-of-potchlorination-of-wells-during-a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2011.122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]}}}