{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:21:11Z","timestamp":1789406471010,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study an in vitro exposure test to investigate toxicological effects of the volatile disinfection by-product trichloramine and of real indoor pool air was established. For this purpose a set-up to generate a well-defined, clean gas stream of trichloramine was combined with biotests. Human alveolar epithelial lung cells of the cell line A-549 were exposed in a CULTEX\u00ae device with trichloramine concentrations between 0.1 and 40 mg\/m3 for 1 h. As toxicological endpoints the cell viability and the inflammatory response by the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were investigated. A decreasing cell viability could be observed with increasing trichloramine concentration. An increase of IL-8 release could be determined at trichloramine concentrations higher than 10 mg\/m3 and an increase of IL-6 release at concentrations of 20 mg\/m3. Investigations of indoor swimming pool air showed similar inflammatory effects to the lung cells although the air concentrations of trichloramine of 0.17 and 0.19 mg\/m3 were much lower compared with the laboratory experiments with trichloramine as the only contaminant. Therefore it is assumed that a mixture of trichloramine and other disinfection by-products in the air of indoor pool settings contribute to that effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2011.144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1312279323000},"page":"586-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Application of an optimized system for the well-defined exposure of human lung cells to trichloramine and indoor pool air"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Schmalz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. G.","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Environment Agency, Heinrich-Heine-Strasse 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Heinze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Environment Agency, Heinrich-Heine-Strasse 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. H.","family":"Frimmel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Chemistry, Engler-Bunte-Institut, University Karlsruhe (TH), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Zwiener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Grummt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Environment Agency, Heinrich-Heine-Strasse 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]},"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/586\/395981\/586.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/586\/395981\/586.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T21:11:44Z","timestamp":1585257104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/9\/3\/586\/19823\/Application-of-an-optimized-system-for-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2011.144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]}}}