{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T21:40:20Z","timestamp":1785534020196,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Waterborne pathogens present a significant threat to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study presents a randomized, controlled trial that evaluates whether a household-level ceramic water filter (CWF) intervention can improve drinking water quality and decrease days of diarrhea in PLWH in rural South Africa. Seventy-four participants were randomized in an intervention group with CWFs and a control group without filters. Participants in the CWF arm received CWFs impregnated with silver nanoparticles and associated safe-storage containers. Water and stool samples were collected at baseline and 12 months. Diarrhea incidence was self-reported weekly for 12 months. The average diarrhea rate in the control group was 0.064 days\/week compared to 0.015 days\/week in the intervention group (p &amp;lt; 0.001, Mann\u2013Whitney). Median reduction of total coliform bacteria was 100% at enrollment and final collection. CWFs are an acceptable technology that can significantly improve the quality of household water and decrease days of diarrhea for PLWH in rural South Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2013.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T15:33:08Z","timestamp":1403105588000},"page":"288-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo Province, South Africa: a pilot study of technological performance and human health benefits"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lydia Shawel","family":"Abebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 400742, 351 McCormick Road, Thornton Hall, Rm. B228, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 400742, 351 McCormick Road, Thornton Hall, Rm. B228, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Narkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Bliss Hall 213, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinka","family":"Oyanedel-Craver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Bliss Hall 213, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Conaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Public Health Sciences Hospital West, University of Virginia, PO Box 800717, 3181, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alukhethi","family":"Singo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samie","family":"Amidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mojapelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Brant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Dillingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/288\/395702\/288.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/288\/395702\/288.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T21:54:11Z","timestamp":1585259651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/12\/2\/288\/2886\/Ceramic-water-filters-impregnated-with-silver"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2013.185","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]}}}