{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1785392632234,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Removal of trace mercury from aqueous solution by Mn (hydr)oxides formed in situ during coagulation with poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) (in situ MnOx combined with PAC) was investigated. The efficiency of trace mercury removal was evaluated under the experimental conditions of reaction time, Mn dosage, pH, and temperature. In addition, the ionic strength and the initial mercury concentration were examined to evaluate trace mercury removal for different water qualities. The results clearly demonstrated that in situ MnOx combined with PAC was effective for trace mercury removal from aqueous solution. A mercury removal ratio of 9.7 \u03bcg Hg\/mg Mn was obtained at pH 3. Furthermore, at an initial mercury concentration of 30 \u03bcg\/L and pH levels of both 3 and 5, a Mn dosage of 4 mg\/L was able to lower the mercury concentration to meet the standards for drinking water quality at less than 1 \u03bcg\/L. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that the hydroxyls on the surface of Mn (hydr)oxides are the active sites for adsorption of trace mercury from aqueous solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,8]],"date-time":"2015-06-08T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1433751244000},"page":"383-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Removal of trace mercury (II) from aqueous solution by in situ MnOx combined with poly-aluminum chloride"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xixin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliu","family":"Huangfu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.01.030","article-title":"Mercury(II) removal from aqueous solutions and wastewaters using a novel cation exchanger derived from coconut coir pith and its recovery","volume":"157","author":"Anirudhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.1021\/la0014510","article-title":"XPS and XAS study of the sorption of Hg(II) onto pyrite","volume":"17","author":"Behra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2006.02.007","article-title":"Effect of pH and ionic strength on apple juice turbidity: application of the extended DLVO theory","volume":"21","author":"Ben\u00edtez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.10.051","article-title":"Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni","volume":"257","author":"Biesinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.12.010","article-title":"Low-level mercury removal from groundwater using a synthetic chelating ligand","volume":"42","author":"Blue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1021\/es60157a013","article-title":"Mercury removal from water by iron sulfide minerals. An electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) study","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"1979","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.055","article-title":"Removal of trace level aqueous mercury by adsorption and photocatalysis on silica\u2013titania composites","volume":"170","author":"Byrne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.06.118","article-title":"A dynamic proof of mercury elimination from solution through a combined sorption\u2013reduction process","volume":"101","author":"Carro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8281","DOI":"10.1021\/es070814g","article-title":"A study on the adsorption mechanism of mercury on Aspergillus versicolor biomass","volume":"41","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1021\/es010713x","article-title":"Hg(II) adsorption by bacteria: a surface complexation model and its application to shallow acidic lakes and wetlands in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada","volume":"36","author":"Daughney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1021\/es9027327","article-title":"Diclofenac oxidation by biogenic manganese oxides","volume":"44","author":"Forrez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.008","article-title":"Removal of arsenic from water: effects of competing anions on As(III) removal in KMnO4\u2013Fe(II) process","volume":"43","author":"Guan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.12.054","article-title":"Removal of arsenic from water: effect of calcium ions on As(III) removal in the KMnO(4)\u2013Fe(II) process","volume":"43","author":"Guan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C14","first-page":"2692","article-title":"Research of enhanced coagulation as the pretreatment of membrane process in a reclaimed water plant","author":"Guo","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7765(99)00029-6","article-title":"The DLVO theory in microbial adhesion","volume":"14","author":"Hermansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"14","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.05.041","article-title":"Removal of inorganic mercury from aqueous solutions by biomass of the marine macroalga Cystoseira baccata","volume":"39","author":"Herrero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.05.014","article-title":"Adsorption of toxic mercury(II) by an extracellular biopolymer poly(gamma-glutamic acid)","volume":"100","author":"Inbaraj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.07.020","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption characteristics of mercury(II) ions using aminated chitosan bead","volume":"39","author":"Jeon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.1996.9618422","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation using Al\/Fe(III) coagulants: effect of coagulant chemistry on the removal of colour-causing nom","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C20","first-page":"3673","article-title":"Mercury pollution in China. An overview of the past and current sources of the toxic metal","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.009","article-title":"Thorough removal of inorganic and organic mercury from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Lemna minor powder","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of permanganate preoxidation in enhancing the coagulation of surface waters \u2013 laboratory case studies","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Water Supply Res. Technol. Aqua"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.10.022","article-title":"Effect of moderate pre-oxidation on the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by KMnO4\u2013Fe(II) process: significance of the in-situ formed Fe(III)","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C24","volume-title":"Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy","author":"Moulder","year":"1992"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00044-0","article-title":"Mercury removal from water by ion exchange resins adsorption","volume":"34","author":"Ratto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.06.023","article-title":"Removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solution using moss (Drepanocladus revolvens) biomass: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies","volume":"171","author":"Sari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00421-X","article-title":"Ionic strength effects in biosorption of metals by marine algae","volume":"41","author":"Schiewer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1021\/es902091w","article-title":"Competition between disordered iron sulfide and natural organic matter associated thiols for mercury(II) \u2013 an EXAFS study","volume":"44","author":"Skyllberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.09.046","article-title":"Arsenic removal from high-arsenic water by enhanced coagulation with ferric ions and coarse calcite","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C30","volume-title":"Aquatic Chemistry","author":"Stumm","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.02.061","article-title":"A practical silver nanoparticle-based adsorbent for the removal of Hg2+ from water","volume":"189","author":"Sumesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"21","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1021\/es0000652","article-title":"Removal of mercury from chemical wastewater by microoganisms in technical scale","volume":"34","author":"Wagner-Dobler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.1021\/es050092y","article-title":"Field column study using zerovalent iron for mercury removal from contaminated groundwater","volume":"39","author":"Weisener","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.06.007","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted algae-containing surface water combining polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with diatomite","volume":"279","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.01.094","article-title":"Porous CS monoliths and their adsorption ability for heavy metal ions","volume":"188","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.05.044","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation in a typical North-China water treatment plant","volume":"40","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.01.019","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation with polyaluminum chlorides: role of pH\/alkalinity and speciation","volume":"71","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.09.044","article-title":"Studies on adsorption of mercury from aqueous solution on activated carbons prepared from walnut shell","volume":"174","author":"Zabihi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.02.009","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of a novel Fe\u2013Mn binary oxide adsorbent for effective arsenite removal","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2007.08.013","article-title":"The microtopography of manganese dioxide formed in situ and its adsorptive properties for organic micropollutants","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Solid State Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.019","article-title":"High efficient removal of mercury from aqueous solution by polyaniline\/humic acid nanocomposite","volume":"175","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5801","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0043118","article-title":"Reactions of Mn with H2O and MnO with H2. Matrix-isolation FTIR and quantum chemical studies","volume":"105","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":". J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032615343267900_JWH-D-14-00156C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.02.028","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation of ferric chloride aided by tannic acid for phosphorus removal from wastewater","volume":"72","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/383\/394838\/jwh0130383.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/383\/394838\/jwh0130383.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T22:12:20Z","timestamp":1585260740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/13\/2\/383\/28332\/Removal-of-trace-mercury-II-from-aqueous-solution"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2014.156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]}}}