{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:04:24Z","timestamp":1791291864480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics are among the most commonly used group of pharmaceuticals in human medicine. They can therefore reach surface and groundwater bodies through different routes, such as wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface runoff, or infiltration of water used for agricultural purposes. It is well known that antibiotics pose a significant risk to environmental and human health, even at low concentrations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of aminoglycosides and phenicol antibiotics in municipal wastewaters, sea water and pharmaceutical effluents in Tunisia. All analysed water samples contained detectable levels of aminoglycoside and phenicol antibiotics. The highest concentrations in wastewater influents were observed for neomycin and kanamycin B (16.4ng mL\u22121 and 7.5 ng mL\u22121, respectively). Chloramphenicol was found in wastewater influents up to 3 ng mL\u22121. It was observed that the waste water treatment plants were not efficient in completely removing these antibiotics. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol were found in sea water samples near aquaculture sites at levels up to, respectively, 15.6 ng mL\u22121 and 18.4 ng mL\u22121. Also aminoglycoside antibiotics were found near aquaculture sites with the highest concentration of 3.4 ng mL\u22121 for streptomycin. In pharmaceutical effluents, only gentamycin was found at concentrations up to 19 ng mL\u22121 over a sampling period of four months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2015.224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T12:02:22Z","timestamp":1461326542000},"page":"208-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Occurrence of antibiotics in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater, wastewater treatment plant and sea waters in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Tahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Bio Geo Resources Valorisation Laboratory (LBVBGR- LR11ES31), High Institute of Biotechnology \u2013 BioTechPole, Sidi Thabet BP-66, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Ariana-Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Van Loco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedi","family":"Ben Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Bio Geo Resources Valorisation Laboratory (LBVBGR- LR11ES31), High Institute of Biotechnology \u2013 BioTechPole, Sidi Thabet BP-66, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Ariana-Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Reyns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032617130157300_JWH-D-15-00224C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/352760877X.ch3","article-title":"Antibiotics for human use","volume-title":"Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle: Properties, Occurrence, Analysis and Environmental Relevance of Polar Compounds","author":"Alexy","year":"2006"},{"key":"2020032617130157300_JWH-D-15-00224C2","first-page":"294","article-title":"Antibacterial antibiotics","volume-title":"Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry","author":"Beale","year":"2011","edition":"12th edn"},{"key":"2020032617130157300_JWH-D-15-00224C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2008.10.068","article-title":"Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography as an efficient and sensitive technique for simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in honey","volume":"632","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. 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