{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1769156307847,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrothermal carbonization technology can convert fecal waste into a valuable carbonaceous product referred to as hydrochar. We investigated the potential of fecal waste-derived hydrochar as an adsorbent for virus removal in water treatment. Swine feces was hydrothermally treated under two conditions: at 180 \u00b0C for 2 h and 230 \u00b0C for 7 h. The resulting solid products (hydrochar) were evaluated as virus adsorbents in water treatment. Simultaneous removal of pathogenic rotavirus (RV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was investigated using a sand column set-up of 10 cm bed height with and without hydrochar supplement (1.5%, w\/w). The removal efficiency of both viruses in a hydrochar-amended column was &amp;gt;3 log (complete removal). The amount of virus released in deionized water when flushed into the virus-retaining columns indicated that the secondary energy minimum played a more important role in RV retention than that of HAdV. Zeta-potential and hydrophobicity measurements on hydrochar materials indicated that the improved virus removal performance of hydrochar-amended columns was induced by the provision of extra hydrophobic surfaces. This study provides evidence that fecal waste-derived hydrochar can be used as a competent virus adsorbent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2016.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T02:09:54Z","timestamp":1464314994000},"page":"754-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Simultaneous removal of rotavirus and adenovirus from artificial ground water using hydrochar derived from swine feces"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J. 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