{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:51:33Z","timestamp":1778788293825,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At South East Water wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs) in Victoria, Australia, biosolids are stockpiled for three years in compliance with the State guidelines to achieve the highest pathogen reduction grade (T1), suitable for unrestricted use in agriculture and landscaping. However, extended stockpiling is costly, may increase odour nuisance and greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces the fertiliser value of the biosolids. A verification programme of sampling and analysis for enteric pathogens was conducted at two WwTPs where sludge is treated by aerobic and anaerobic digestion, air drying (in drying pans or solar drying sheds) and stockpiling, to enumerate and, if present, monitor the decay of a range of enteric pathogens and parasites. The sludge treatment processes at both WwTPs achieved T1 grade biosolids with respect to prescribed pathogenic bacterial numbers (&amp;lt;1 Salmonella spp. 50 g\u22121 dry solids (DS) and &amp;lt;100 Escherichia coli g\u22121 DS) and &amp;gt;3 log10 enteric virus reduction after a storage period of one year. No Ascaris eggs were detected in the influent to the WwTPs, confirming previous studies that the presence of helminth infections in Victoria is extremely low and that Ascaris is not applicable as a control criterion for the microbiological quality of biosolids in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2017.316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,27]],"date-time":"2017-05-27T00:20:19Z","timestamp":1495844419000},"page":"626-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Verification of an alternative sludge treatment process for pathogen reduction at two wastewater treatment plants in Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Thatches, Duck Street, Abbotts Ann SP11 7BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Surapaneni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Water Corporation, WatersEdge, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Water Corporation, WatersEdge, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ALS Water, Scoresby, Victoria 3179, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Rigby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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