{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1762522249206},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To determine the role of soils in dissemination of enteric protozoan cysts and intestinal eggs and\/or larvae of helminths, a study was carried out on muddy soils around springs and wells of six districts in Yaounde, Cameroon from February to July 2015. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae were observed microscopically after concentration by standard scientific methods. Flagellated enteric protozoa cysts were detected at an average density of 245 \u00b1 145 cysts\/L for Giardia intestinalis, 308 \u00b1190 cysts\/L for Chilomastix mesnili, 105 \u00b1 106 cysts\/L for Enteromonas hominis and 96 \u00b1 118 cysts\/L for Retortamonas intestinalis. Cyst densities were higher during the short rainy season (277 \u00b1 119 cysts\/L) than in the short dry season (147 \u00b1 60 cysts\/L). The helminths identified were Ascaris sp., Enterobius sp., Necator americanus and\/or Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides sp., Taenia sp., Hymenolepis sp., Diphyllobothrium sp. and Fasciola sp. Size varied between 40 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for eggs and between 100 \u03bcm and 600 \u03bcm for the larvae assessed. Densities of environmental forms of the helminths were also higher during the short rainy season (176 \u00b1 77 agents\/L) than during the short dry season (117 \u00b1 49 agents\/L). These results show that muddy soils could contribute to the contamination of wells and springs and should be considered in epidemiological studies of intestinal parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2018.159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T16:38:07Z","timestamp":1545928687000},"page":"318-328","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Implications of soils around domestic water points in the spread of intestinal parasites in the city of Yaounde (Cameroon)"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ajeagah Gideon","family":"Aghaindum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O box, 812 Yaounde, Cameroun"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asi Quiggle","family":"Atud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O box, 812 Yaounde, Cameroun"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okoa Amougou Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Nad\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O box, 812 Yaounde, Cameroun"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Seasonal distribution of enteric opportunistic Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts in a tropical water basin","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"33","key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C2","first-page":"554","article-title":"Bioquality of dissemination forms of flagellated enteric protozoa in groundwater (springs and wells) in an urban area (Yaounde-Cameroon)","volume":"12","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2003.11.016","article-title":"Improved specificity for Giardia lamblia cysts in quantification & wastewater by development of real-time PCR","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiological Methods"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C4","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C5","first-page":"217","article-title":"Fate of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in an open channel receiving raw wastewater from Marrakech","volume":"2","year":"1997","journal-title":"Revue des Sciences de L'eau"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C6","first-page":"169","article-title":"A critical study of clinical laboratory technics for the diagnosis of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in feces","volume":"18","year":"1938","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C7","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2007.009","article-title":"Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions","volume":"5","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C9","article-title":"Study of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of the Water of the Wells of Certain Districts of the District of Bamako","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thesis in Pharmacy (Diploma of State)"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C10","first-page":"42","article-title":"Water and sanitation for poor disservice","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Suden Cooperation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892010000600002","article-title":"Enteroparasite contamination in peridomiciliar soils of two indigenous territories, State of Paran\u00e1, southern Brazil","volume":"27","year":"2010","journal-title":"Review Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C12","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nonconventional water: a risk or a solution with the problems of water for the poor classes","volume":"17","year":"2014","journal-title":"Larhyss Journal"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C13","first-page":"1","article-title":"The distribution of the rains and the pluviometric modes in Cameroun","volume":"5","year":"1972","journal-title":"Work and Documents of Tropical Geography"},{"key":"2021021416323149300_JWH-D-18-00159C14","unstructured":"WHO\n          1989\n          Health Guidelines for the Use of Wastewater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. 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