{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1787169356532,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma and lymphoma. Although the infection may be acquired through different transmission routes, the presence and viability of H. pylori in water sources are not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the viability of H. pylori cells in urban surface waters collected at the Vallparad\u00eds public park in Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. The water samples were analysed by viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using propidium monoazide and specific primers for the H. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA gene). Viable H. pylori were found in 91.3% of the samples analysed, with an average concentration of 3.46 \u00b1 1.06 log cell 100 mL\u22121. Our work proves a quick and simple procedure for evaluating viable H. pylori cells in environmental samples by qPCR. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that urban surface waters may contain considerable levels of viable H. pylori cells, thus indicating they are a potential source of infection, which represents a public health concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2018.195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T07:53:58Z","timestamp":1538639638000},"page":"839-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Monitoring levels of viable Helicobacter pylori in surface water by qPCR in Northeast Spain"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Claudia Patricia","family":"Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n, Colombia and Unidad de Salud Ambiental, Fundaci\u00f3n InnovaGen, Popay\u00e1n, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Codony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborati de Microbiologia Sanit\u00e0ria i Mediambiental (MSMLab) -Aquasoft, UNESCO Chair in Sustainability, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gala, Pg. Ernest Lluch\/Rambla Sant Nebridi, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"GenIUL R&D Laboratory, Edifici Gala, Pg. Ernest Lluch\/Rambla Sant Nebridi, Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Fittipaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborati de Microbiologia Sanit\u00e0ria i Mediambiental (MSMLab) -Aquasoft, UNESCO Chair in Sustainability, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gala, Pg. Ernest Lluch\/Rambla Sant Nebridi, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Hern\u00e1n","family":"Sierra-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n, Colombia and Unidad de Salud Ambiental, Fundaci\u00f3n InnovaGen, Popay\u00e1n, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Morat\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborati de Microbiologia Sanit\u00e0ria i Mediambiental (MSMLab) -Aquasoft, UNESCO Chair in Sustainability, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gala, Pg. Ernest Lluch\/Rambla Sant Nebridi, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2010.00794.x","article-title":"Viability determination of Helicobacter pylori using propidium monoazide quantitative PCR","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"30","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771","article-title":"Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration","volume":"270","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02241-07","article-title":"Survival of gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in water: implications for transmission","volume":"74","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.07.007","article-title":"Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: a review","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.2.981-984.2002","article-title":"Effect of oxidizing disinfectants (chlorine, monochloramine, and ozone) on Helicobacter pylori","volume":"68","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C5","first-page":"387","article-title":"Use of fluorescent in situ hybridisation for the visualisation of Helicobacter pylori in real drinking water biofilms","volume":"55","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018040","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: epidemiology and routes of transmission","volume":"22","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.03851.x","article-title":"Selective PCR detection of viable Enterobacter sakazakii cells utilizing propidium monoazide or ethidium bromide monoazide","volume":"105","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2009.24.1.1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in water sources: a global environmental health concern","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9719-1","article-title":"Viable real-time PCR in environmental samples: can all data be interpreted directly?","volume":"61","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.08.007","article-title":"Progress in understanding preferential detection of live cells using viability dyes in combination with DNA amplification","volume":"91","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"issue":"19","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5632","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i19.5632","article-title":"Biofilm and Helicobacter pylori: from environment to human host","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C12","first-page":"186734","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: current availabilities","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1846-y","article-title":"Development of a quantitative PCR method to differentiate between viable and nonviable bacteria in environmental water samples","volume":"82","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00827-08","article-title":"Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in heterotrophic drinking-water biofilms","volume":"74","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037499","article-title":"Challenge model for Helicobacter pylori infection in human volunteers","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.413-433.2004","article-title":"Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae","volume":"17","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.109-1240669","article-title":"Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases","volume":"109","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1998.00500.x","article-title":"Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water","volume":"85","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C19","author":"ISO","year":"2012"},{"issue":"15","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.05.020","article-title":"Survival and viability of Helicobacter pylori after inoculation into chlorinated drinking water","volume":"41","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2011.00388.x","article-title":"Selective detection of viable Helicobacter pylori using ethidium monoazide or propidium monoazide in combination with real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"55","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.11.004","article-title":"Selective detection of live bacteria combining propidium monoazide sample treatment with microarray technology","volume":"76","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00301","article-title":"Well water\u2013one source of Helicobacter pylori colonization","volume":"207","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12205","article-title":"Identification of viable Helicobacter pylori in drinking water supplies by cultural and molecular techniques","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i3.516","article-title":"Virulence of water-induced coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its experimental infection in mice","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.12.010","article-title":"Evaluation of propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment directly on membrane filter for the enumeration of viable but non cultivable Legionella by qPCR","volume":"88","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"issue":"19","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.05.031","article-title":"Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of total and propidium monoazide-resistant fecal indicator bacteria in wastewater","volume":"43","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032618192341600_JWH-D-17-00195C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080052","article-title":"Free-living amoebae promote growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/839\/490537\/jwh0160839.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/839\/490537\/jwh0160839.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T21:28:20Z","timestamp":1585258100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/16\/5\/839\/63278\/Monitoring-levels-of-viable-Helicobacter-pylori-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2018.195","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]}}}