{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:03:19Z","timestamp":1779379399494,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":116,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In developing countries, rural water sources have the highest levels of faecal contamination but are the least monitored. Affordable field-based water quality tests are needed. The presence of faecal indicator bacteria can be determined with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) detecting tests, that are inexpensive and simple to make locally. In rural Tanzania, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) designed, produced and evaluated a new H2S water quality test kit. The H2S test results correlated with log10Escherichia coli densities from conventional water quality tests. The production cost was US$ 1.10 and the test retailed for US$ 1.37. In total, 433 tests were sold through local pharmacies and NGOs. Additionally, 165 WaSH education meetings, reaching 3,408 community members, were conducted with the H2S test demonstrated in over half the meetings. Pre- and post-surveys of 294 meeting participants saw an increased reporting of household level water treatment by 24%. The H2S test was widely accepted, with 94% of those surveyed willing to buy the test in the future. International and national guidelines for drinking water monitoring need to be amended to include locally produced H2S water quality tests. This will enable households to monitor their own water sources and make informed choices about water safety and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2018.220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T01:20:17Z","timestamp":1519348817000},"page":"359-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Locally produced hydrogen sulphide detecting water quality test kits increase household level monitoring in rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fatuma","family":"Matwewe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Hyland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maji Safi kwa Afya Bora (MSABI), P.O. Box 284, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania"},{"name":"Pollution Research Group, Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; andSchool of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020032615283932400_JWH-D-17-00220C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9051609","article-title":"A summary catalogue of microbial drinking water tests for low and medium resource settings","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032615283932400_JWH-D-17-00220C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001644","article-title":"Fecal 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