{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:34:30Z","timestamp":1768833270382,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A survey for antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli in wastewater was undertaken by collecting samples from primary clarifiers and secondary effluents from seven geographically dispersed US wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Samples were collected at each WWTP in cool and summer months and cultured using selective media. The resulting isolates were characterized for resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, presence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, and phylogroups and sequence types (STs). In total, 322 AR E. coli isolates were identified, of which 65 were imipenem-resistant. Of the 65 carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) isolates, 62% were positive for more than one and 31% were positive for two or more of carbapenemase and ESBL genes targeted. The most commonly detected carbapenemase gene was blaVIM (n = 36), followed by blaKPC (n = 2). A widespread dispersal of carbapenem-resistant STs and other clinically significant AR STs observed in the present study suggested the plausible release of these strains into the environment. The occurrence of CREC in wastewater is a potential concern because this matrix may serve as a reservoir for gene exchange and thereby increase the risk of AR bacteria (including CR) being disseminated into the environment and thence back to humans.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2019.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T11:12:01Z","timestamp":1548328321000},"page":"219-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Survey of US wastewater for carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jill","family":"Hoelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Kinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Boczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hodon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021416224145900_JWH-D-18-00165C1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA\/AWWA\/WEF","year":"2017","edition":"23rd edn"},{"key":"2021021416224145900_JWH-D-18-00165C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022475-0","article-title":"Commensal Escherichia coli of healthy humans: a reservoir for antibiotic-resistance determinants","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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