{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:17:35Z","timestamp":1791458255529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KT0149 and 161T05622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KT0149 and 161T05622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, the kinetics of photocatalytic removal of imidacloprid, a systemic chloronicotinoid insecticide, from water using two advanced oxidation systems (ZnO(normal)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight and ZnO(nano)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight) were investigated. Moreover, the effects of pH, insecticide concentration, catalyst concentration, catalyst particle size, and water type on the photocatalytic removal of imidacloprid were evaluated. Furthermore, total mineralization of imidacloprid under these advanced oxidation systems was evaluated by monitoring the decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and formation rate of inorganic ions (Cl\u2212 and NO2\u2212) with irradiation time using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and ion chromatography to confirm the complete detoxification of imidacloprid in water. The degradation rate of imidacloprid was faster under the ZnO(nano)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight system than the ZnO(normal)\/artificial sunlight system in both pure and river water. The photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid under both advanced oxidation systems was affected by pH, catalyst concentration, imidacloprid concentration, and water type. Almost complete mineralization of imidacloprid was only achieved in the ZnO(nano)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight oxidation system. The photogeneration rate of hydroxyl radicals was higher under the ZnO(nano)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight system than the ZnO(normal)\/H2O2\/artificial sunlight system. Advanced oxidation processes, particularly those using nanosized zinc oxide, can be regarded as an effective photocatalytic method for imidacloprid removal from water.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2019.259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T10:32:40Z","timestamp":1551090760000},"page":"254-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Kinetics of photocatalytic removal of imidacloprid from water by advanced oxidation processes with respect to nanotechnology"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Derbalah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sunday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Ondo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Water Resources Management and Development, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Mzuzu University, P\/Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Jadoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sakugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"D3","key":"2021021416224616300_JWH-D-18-00259C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD02795","article-title":"Sources, sinks, and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical (\u2022OH) photoproduction and consumption in authentic acidic continental cloud waters from Whiteface Mountain, New York: the role of the Fe(r) (r = II, III) photochemical cycle","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021021416224616300_JWH-D-18-00259C2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Photochemical formation and scavenging of hydroxyl radical in rain and dew water","volume":"1999","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nippon Kagaku Kaishi"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021021416224616300_JWH-D-18-00259C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.518","article-title":"Effects of formulation on the run-off of imidacloprid from turf","volume":"58","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pest Management Science"},{"key":"2021021416224616300_JWH-D-18-00259C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2174\/2210681211202020090","article-title":"Nanostructured zinc oxide for water treatment","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscience Nanotechnology Asia"},{"key":"2021021416224616300_JWH-D-18-00259C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake D. 2001 Bibliographic Work on the Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds From Water and air. 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