{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T08:07:02Z","timestamp":1767514022138,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012056","name":"Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref. 28374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref. 28374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Disinfecting surfaces with chlorine is commonly conducted in cholera outbreaks to prevent ongoing fomite-based transmission, yet evidence gaps have led to contradictory guidance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of spraying and wiping chlorine on five representatives non-porous and five porous surfaces to remove Vibrio cholerae. In total, 120 disinfection tests were run in replicate on carriers inoculated with 1.02 \u00d7 107\u20131.73 \u00d7 108V. cholerae CFU\/cm2. Surfaces disinfected by spraying 0.2% chlorine had &amp;gt;3 log reduction value (LRV) on 7\/10 and 9\/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 9\/10 and 10\/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively. Surfaces disinfected by wiping 0.2% chlorine had &amp;gt;3 LRV on 3\/10 and 7\/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 8\/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min. We found no significant differences between chlorine types (p &amp;lt; 0.05), higher reductions with spraying compared to wiping (p = 0.001), and lower reductions on porous compared to non-porous surfaces (p = 0.006 spraying and p &amp;lt; 0.001 wiping). Our results support using 0.2% chlorine sprayed on all surfaces, or wiped on most non-heavily soiled surfaces, and a 2.0% concentration on contaminated porous surfaces; and emphasize surfaces must be visibly wetted to achieve disinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2020.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T04:17:15Z","timestamp":1605327435000},"page":"1009-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Laboratory efficacy of surface disinfection using chlorine against <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"String","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Vargas","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele S.","family":"Lantagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"year":"2013","author":"ACF International","key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C1"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C2","article-title":"Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ASTM E35 Committee\n          n.d.\n          Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method for Determining Bactericidal, Virucidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and Sporicidal Activities of Chemicals. ASTM International. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/E2197-11.","DOI":"10.1520\/E2197-11"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.08.014","article-title":"Three swipes and you're out: how many swipes are needed to decontaminate plastic with disposable wipes?","volume":"39","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.002","article-title":"Inactivation of vegetative bacterial threat agents on environmental surfaces","volume":"443","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. 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Water Health"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010072226737","article-title":"Estimating the antimicrobial log reduction: part 1. quantitative assays","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Quant. Microbiol."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0226549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226549","article-title":"Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: a scoping review of current international guidelines","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C11","unstructured":"Dunoyer\n            J.\n          \n          2013\n          Lutter Contre le Chol\u00e9ra! Le R\u00f4le des Secteurs EAH et SMPS Dans la Lutte Contre le Chol\u00e9ra. 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Technol."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008661","article-title":"Household spraying in cholera outbreaks: insights from three exploratory, mixed-methods field effectiveness evaluations","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control","article-title":"A systematic review of chlorine-based surface disinfection efficacy to inform recommendations for low-resource outbreak settings","year":"2020","key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C16"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.061093","article-title":"Conflict and emerging infectious diseases","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156136","article-title":"Shelf-life of chlorine solutions recommended in Ebola virus disease response","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"year":"( )","key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C22"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C23","unstructured":"Lamond\n            E.\n          \n          \n            Kinyanjui\n            J.\n          \n          2012\n          Cholera Outbreak Guidelines: Preparedness, Prevention and Control. Oxfam."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C24","article-title":"Fine sprays for disinfection within healthcare","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/cholera\/index_71222.html (accessed 20 May 2020)."},{"volume-title":"Product Performance Test Guidelines. OCSPP 810.2200: Disinfectants for Use on Environmental Surfaces","year":"2018","author":"USEPA OCSPP","key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C36"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0152442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152442","article-title":"Accuracy, precision, ease-of-use, and cost of methods to test ebola-relevant chlorine solutions","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"year":"2019","author":"WHO","key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C38"},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C39","unstructured":"WHO\n          2019b\n          Cholera Fact Sheet. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cholera (accessed 19 May 2020)."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1086\/597382","article-title":"Limitations of the efficacy of surface disinfection in the healthcare setting","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2021010618181513100_JWH-D-20-00199C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3362\/1756-3488.17-00015","article-title":"Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in outbreak response: a synthesis of evidence","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waterlines"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/18\/6\/1009\/824843\/jwh0181009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/18\/6\/1009\/824843\/jwh0181009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:57:54Z","timestamp":1610323074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/18\/6\/1009\/78163\/Laboratory-efficacy-of-surface-disinfection-using"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2020.199","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1477-8920"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-7829"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]}}}