{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:52:12Z","timestamp":1770328332411,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the public health risk of coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination of potable water sources in Egypt. A total of 150 water samples (100 tap and 50 well) were collected from five districts in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. High rates of coliforms contamination were recorded in 52 and 76% of examined tap and well water samples, respectively. E. coli strains were detected in 16% of the water samples (15% tap water and 18% well water; 23.7% rural and 8.1% urban). Rural water sources were 3.5 times more likely to be contaminated than urban sources (P = 0.01). Eight (33.3%) E. coli isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed for 62.5% of the isolates. Seven (29.2%) E. coli isolates harboured at least one of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The majority (87.5%) of the STEC isolates were MDRs and harboured ESBL genes. STEC isolates were significantly more likely to resist six classes of antibiotics than non-STEC isolates. This is the first report of potable water contamination with MDR-STEC in Egypt. This study highlights an alarming public health threat that necessitates preventive interventions for public and environmental safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2020.239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T16:10:20Z","timestamp":1584115820000},"page":"430-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diversity, virulence and antibiogram traits of Escherichia coli recovered from potable water sources in Gharbia, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Walid","family":"Elmonir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses) Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etab Mohamed","family":"Abo Remela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt and Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Alwakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses) Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020100510271899800_JWH-D-19-00239C1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Microbial quality of community drinking water supplies: a ten year (2004\u20132014) analyses in west Amhara, Ethiopia","volume":"9\u201310","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. 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