{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:37:14Z","timestamp":1763141834535,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007787","name":"National research center, Egypt","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E-120806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-120806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>New precautions have become part of our daily life since COVID-19 pandemic such as wearing masks, maintaining distance and disinfecting products bought from markets before using them which is exhausting. We aimed to test the inhibitory effect of Camellia sinensis (black tea) water extracts on respiratory viruses and the inhibition of viruses accumulated over different surface types after being soaked in water supplemented with the extracts. Two water extraction methods (extract A: maceration at 80 \u00b0C for 30 min and extract B: boiling for 40 min) were applied; extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to detect polyphenolic compounds. Results showed that 200 \u03bcg\/ml of extract A and 50 \u03bcg\/ml of extract B in water caused 100% inhibition of influenza A (enveloped virus) virus after 1.5 h and similar results were obtained for adenovirus (non-enveloped virus) but at the same concentration of extract A and at 100 \u03bcg\/ml of extract B. Different surfaces (aluminum, glass, plastic or carton, vegetables of smooth (tomato) or rough (lemon) surfaces and green leaves) were inoculated with both viruses for 20 min and then soaked in the water supplemented with 200 \u03bcg\/ml of extract A or 100 \u03bcg\/ml of extract B for 1.5 h, and this resulted in complete inhibition of both viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T09:23:40Z","timestamp":1655889820000},"page":"1102-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Addition of <i>Camellia sinensis<\/i> extract to water to disinfect respiratory viruses accumulated over different surfaces"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina Nadeem","family":"Abd-ElShafy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt"},{"name":"b Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4093-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rola","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt"},{"name":"c Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Mohamed","family":"Bahgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt"},{"name":"c Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-1","DOI":"10.1021\/np50064a002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73916-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32510-3"},{"issue":"20","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-5","first-page":"30003","article-title":"Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in.different environmental conditions","volume":"5247","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-6","first-page":"133","article-title":"Phytochemistry","volume-title":"Trease and Evans Phamacognosy","author":"Evans","year":"1989","edition":"13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-7","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234765"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-8","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118299753.ch3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00268-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-11","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2016-0050"},{"issue":"6","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-12","first-page":"238","article-title":"Determination of tannin content by titrimetric method from different types of tea","volume":"7","author":"Khasnabis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"58","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9033","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102552b","volume":"2010","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.072-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.200239","article-title":"Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf. 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