{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:20:03Z","timestamp":1770754803036,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007886","name":"Fondation Nestl\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Iron present in the drinking groundwater is attributed to the low burden of iron deficiency (ID) in Bangladesh. The supplemental anemia prevention strategies involving iron need a cautious approach due to the excess load of iron and the side effects. The present pilot study examined the potential of the guava leaf extracts to use as a natural reagent for the assessment of iron in groundwater. Eighteen households with the drinking source of groundwater were randomly selected. Guava leaves were crushed and the shreds of the leaves were mixed with the water sample. Changes of water color were photographed. Five groups were identified \u2013 \u2018whitish\u2019, \u2018shades of pink\u2019, \u2018shades of purple\u2019, \u2018light black\u2019 and the \u2018frank black\u2019. The iron concentration was measured by a test kit device. Each color group was assigned a number on the ordinal scale 1\u20135. Statistical correlation and agreements were performed between the methods. The positive correlation (Kendall's tau b: 0.89, p &amp;lt; 0.000) and the agreements (Kappa: 0.77, p &amp;lt; 0.000; rho_c: 0.73, p &amp;lt; 0.000) were observed. Guava leaf extracts may standardize an indigenous tool for a semi-quantitative measurement of groundwater iron content. Validation of the tool thus may aid in the design and evaluation of the iron supplementation and fortification programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T15:18:29Z","timestamp":1666106309000},"page":"1644-1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Can guava (<i>Psidium guajava<\/i>) leaf extracts develop an indigenous, simplified tool for a semi-quantitative assessment of iron in groundwater?"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabuktagin","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Daffodil International University, Ashulia, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobonita","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abu Ahmed","family":"Shamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazma","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Anemia and iron deficiency in rural Bangladeshi pregnant women living in areas of high and low iron in groundwater","volume":"51\u201352","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C2","volume-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","year":"1991"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2008.05.003","article-title":"Green analytical chemistry","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C4","unstructured":"Bangladesh National Drinking Water Quality Survey\n          2009\n          Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh."},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C5","first-page":"838","volume-title":"Organic Chemistry","year":"1948"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C6","article-title":"Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh","volume-title":"BGS Technical Report WC\/00\/19","author":"British Geological Survey & Department of Public Health Engineering, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C7","first-page":"149","article-title":"Iron content of drinking water is associated with anaemia status among children in high groundwater iron areas in Bangladesh","volume":"27","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012004107","article-title":"Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults","volume":"16","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ay00253d","article-title":"The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in analytical chemistry \u2013 a green chemical perspective","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C10","unstructured":"Hem\n            J. 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Institute of Public HealthNutrition, United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF), icddr,b and Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Dhaka, Bangladesh."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.26.619","article-title":"Flow injection determination of iron ions with green tea extracts as a natural chromogenic reagent","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analytical Sciences"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015003651","article-title":"Determinants of iron status and Hb in the Bangladeshi population: the role of groundwater iron","volume":"19","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112756","article-title":"Effect of micronutrient powder (MNP) with a low-dose of iron on hemoglobin and iron biomarkers, and its effect on morbidities in rural Bangladeshi children drinking groundwater with a high-level of iron: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C27","first-page":"235","article-title":"Metabolism of iron stores","volume":"76","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of home visits by volunteer community health workers: to improve the coverage of micronutrient powders in rural Bangladesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2005.07.039","article-title":"Exploiting guava leaf extract as an alternative natural reagent for flow injection determination of iron","volume":"68","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating the geochemistry of groundwater contamination with iron and manganese and probabilistic human health risk assessment in endemic areas of the world's largest River Island, India (2021-06-16)","volume":"87","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C31","first-page":"595","article-title":"A green colorimetric method using guava leaves extract for quality control of iron content in pharmaceutical formulations","volume":"23","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences"},{"key":"2022120915071693000_JWH-D-22-00102C32","author":"Studies on the Etiology of Anaemia in Bangladesh: Effects of Helminths and Safe Water. 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