{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:12:30Z","timestamp":1793801550117,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004424","name":"Water Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K5\/2886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K5\/2886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Campylobacter species are among the aetiological agents responsible for 400\u2013500 million human diarrhoea cases per annum. The risk of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species between humans, animals, and the environment is anticipated, given its transmissibility through these sources. The objective of this paper is to present a situation analysis that reports the current patterns and determinants of Campylobacter antibiotic resistance in South Africa. This review applies the One Health (OH) Approach to systematically review and collate the current antibiotic resistance status among Campylobacter spp. in South Africa. The highest level of resistance of Campylobacter in humans is to azithromycin (69.7%), whereas the lowest level of resistance of Campylobacter is to gatifloxacin (8.3%). In animals, high resistance to common antibiotics erythromycin (95.06%), clindamycin (95.68%), doxycycline (87.65%), erythromycin (90%), tetracycline (84.3%), streptomycin (88%), and ampicillin (73%) while 100% resistance of Campylobacter from water samples to tetracycline, imipenem, is recorded. Furthermore, resistance to clarithromycin (95%), azithromycin (92%), clindamycin (84.2%), doxycycline (80%), and ciprofloxacin (77.8%) is reported among Campylobacter spp. from water samples. The genetic similarity results suggest the movement of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. between humans and the environment. More research on antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter from other sources, outside clinical isolates, is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T23:14:15Z","timestamp":1671578055000},"page":"9-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A review of antibiotic resistance among\n                    <i>Campylobacter species<\/i>\n                    in human, animal, and water sources in South Africa: a One Health Approach"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3879-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Chibwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oghenekaro Nelson","family":"Odume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika Felicitas","family":"Nnadozie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2017.01.010"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14704"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01489-10"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-237"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00416-17"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122205"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-7","volume-title":"CLSI M100-ED29: 2019 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2019","edition":"29"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-8","unstructured":"DAFF and DOH 2018 South African Antimicrobial Resistance National Strategy Framework; A One Health Approach 2018\u20132024. 22."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01642"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01881"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0383"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2092478"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-13"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.146-14","first-page":"583","article-title":"Part VI. antibiotic management and resistance in livestock production","volume":"101","author":"Henton","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr. 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