{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:52:35Z","timestamp":1790729555546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Freshwater sports expose practitioners to pathogens in the water environment and may result in infection. In French Brittany, these infections are particularly worrying, especially since 2016 with an increase in the incidence of leptospirosis reaching 1 case per 100,000 inhabitants, which represents the highest incidence observed since 1920. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of infectious diseases related to freshwater sports practice and to identify the factors associated with these infections among freshwater sports licensees in Brittany, France. From March 18, 2019, to May 8, 2019, we interviewed freshwater sports licensees (online study) and club presidents and instructors (phone study) in Brittany. Licensee participants were 18 years old or more and practiced at least one freshwater sport in one of the 79 Brittany clubs. We used logistic regression models to study the association between our variables of interest and potential risk factors. In total, 551 licensees (20.3% of the total number of licensees) and 38 clubs (48.1%) were surveyed. Among the licensees, 29 (5.3%) reported being diagnosed with leptospirosis, of which 12 (41.3%) occurred in the last 5 years. The most reported symptoms were skin irritation\/itchy skin (24.3%) and 39 individuals (7.1%) reported at least one hospitalization in their lifetime for a disease related to freshwater sports. The occurrence of leptospirosis was negatively associated with boarding from a pontoon (odds ratio (OR)=0.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.06\u20130.56), practicing for less than 4 years (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.04\u20130.56) compared to more than 10 years, and the occurrence of leptospirosis was positively associated with taking a soapy shower after practice (OR=4.38, 95% CI 1.90\u201310.51). Eskimo roll was positively associated with the occurrence of otitis and conjunctivitis (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.82\u20136.03), and skin irritation\/itchy skin (OR=1.66, 95% CI 0.99\u20132.84). Otitis, conjunctivitis, and skin irritation\/itchy skin are the most commonly reported freshwater sport-related diseases in French Brittany. Despite a good level of knowledge of prevention measures, their implementation by licensees and clubs remains low. Further studies are needed to identify practices associated with infectious risk in freshwater sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T11:54:42Z","timestamp":1643111682000},"page":"356-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A cross-sectional study on infectious health risks regarding freshwater sports practice in Brittany, France"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fanny","family":"Velardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Pasteur-Cnam de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanifa","family":"Bouziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Ad\u00e9la\u00efde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UFR de Pharmacie, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Oliosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Pasteur-Cnam de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3092-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylis","family":"Layan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Descamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7567-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Berthod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des maladies infectieuses, Institut central des h\u00f4pitaux, H\u00f4pital du Valais, Sion, Suisse"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan R.","family":"Patl\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Pasteur-Cnam de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6766-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Ledrans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Pivette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Cellule r\u00e9gionale Bretagne, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-8703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Lefort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Rennes, EHESP, REPERES (Recherche en Pharmaco-\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Recours aux Soins)\u2013EA 7449, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Rennes, EHESP, REPERES (Recherche en Pharmaco-\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Recours aux Soins)\u2013EA 7449, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1852-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Cr\u00e9pey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Rennes, EHESP, REPERES (Recherche en Pharmaco-\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Recours aux Soins)\u2013EA 7449, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C1","unstructured":"Agence R\u00e9gionale de Sant\u00e9\n          2016\n          Guide de recommandations sanitaires pour les activit\u00e9s nautiques en eau douce. Rennes, France. Available from: https:\/\/www.bretagne.ars.sante.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-01\/Guide%20de%20recommandations%20sanitaires%20pour%20bases%20nautiques.pdf (accessed 19 July 2021)."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C2","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C3","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.02.010","article-title":"Trends in leptospirosis epidemiology in France: sixty-six years of passive serological surveillance from 1920 to 2003","volume":"10","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1913-6","article-title":"Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation","volume":"91","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C6","article-title":"Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters \u2013 Costa Rica, 1996","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C7","unstructured":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Leptopirose\n          2015\n          Rapport Annuel D'activit\u00e9 2014. Paris, France. Available from: https:\/\/www.pasteur.fr\/fr\/file\/3235\/download?token=ROhC85qZ (accessed 4 May 2021)."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C8","unstructured":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Leptopirose\n          2017\n          Rapport annuel d'activit\u00e9 2016. Paris, France. Available from: https:\/\/www.pasteur.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/rubrique_pro_sante_publique\/les_cnr\/leptospirose\/cnr-leptospirose-2016-short.pdf (accessed 4 May 2021)."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C9","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Core Writing Team","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C10","first-page":"0","article-title":"Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C11","article-title":"Estimate of incidence and cost of recreational waterborne illness on United States surface waters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Glob. Access Sci. Source."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C12","unstructured":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Sant\u00e9\n          2005\n          Avis du Conseil Sup\u00e9rieur d'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique de France relatif aux Recommandations pour la pr\u00e9vention de la leptospirose en population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. France."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C13","author":"Epiconcept","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2013.06.018","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Franche-Comt\u00e9 (FRANCE): clinical, biological, and therapeutic data","volume":"43","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C15","article-title":"Recreational water and infection: a review of recent findings. Current environmental health reports","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep"},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C16","unstructured":"FFCK\n          2020\n          Les sentiers nautiques. Available from: https:\/\/www.sentiers-nautiques.fr (accessed 4 May 2021)."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C17","article-title":"An outbreak of leptospirosis among kayakers in Brittany, North-West France, 2016","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C18","article-title":"Leptospirosis in humans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. 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Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2003446","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003446","article-title":"Climate change could drive marine food web collapse through altered trophic flows and cyanobacterial proliferation","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C28","volume-title":"Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water","author":"WHO","year":"2006"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022030417274738400_JWH-D-21-00232C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773214Y.0000000156","article-title":"Leptospirosis from water sources","volume":"108","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog. Global Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/20\/2\/356\/1017681\/jwh0200356.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/20\/2\/356\/1017681\/jwh0200356.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T12:46:42Z","timestamp":1646398002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/20\/2\/356\/86497\/A-cross-sectional-study-on-infectious-health-risks"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2022.232","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-454461\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}}}