{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:30:38Z","timestamp":1782729038411,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic exposure to fluoride through drinking water has been linked to insulin resistance and resulting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we aim to study the impact of water fluoride levels on blood glucose and vitamin D levels. A hospital-based study was conducted on diabetic patients (n = 303) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli outstation patient department (OPD). The relationship between vitamin D or fasting blood glucose levels (BGLs) with water fluoride levels was estimated through Spearman's rank correlation. We found a significant negative correlation between water fluoride and vitamin D levels [rs = \u22120.777, p-value &amp;lt; 0.001] and a positive correlation between water fluoride and fasting BGLs [rs = 0.178, p-value &amp;lt;0.05]. The participants residing in fluoride-endemic areas (F &amp;gt; 1.5 mg\/L) had higher odds of severe vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio: 5.07, 95% CI: 1.9\u201313.2, p-value = 0.0009). The results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency and fasting BGLs are significantly associated with water fluoride levels. This study signifies the role of fluoride toxicity in poor glycemic control and derived vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation and the application of standard household water purification devices are recommended to tackle vitamin D deficiency in fluoride-endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T14:04:19Z","timestamp":1671804259000},"page":"125-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and its correlation with water fluoride levels"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pramod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Department of Biotechnology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0503-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.254-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.03.087"},{"issue":"4","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2022.254-2","first-page":"521","article-title":"Oxidative indices correlate with dyslipidemia and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in fluoride-exposed rats","volume":"64","author":"Afolabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. 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