{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:42:00Z","timestamp":1787024520813,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the large amounts of freshwater available in Brazil, the deterioration of surface water can represent a risk of waterborne disease for national and international tourists. The main goal of this study was to assess the quality of drinking water in the triple border region of Brazil before and after being treated in water treatment plants (WTPs) and in Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers (MECECs), in terms of parasitological, microbiological, and physical\u2013chemical aspects. Different water samples were monitored: raw water (RW), treated water (TW), and tap water from the MECECs, giving 60 samples in total, to investigate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, microbiological indicators, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antimicrobial resistance profiles using conventional microbiological assays and parasitological, immunological, and molecular techniques. The results obtained were compared with the reference values recommended by the legislation of drinking water in Brazil. For the first time, contamination by Cryptosporidium and Giardia was demonstrated in RW used to supply WTPs, in TW of Foz do Igua\u00e7u, and in water destined for consumption by children. A total of 52 bacterial isolates were obtained, with high percentages of multidrug resistance to antibiotics, including a carbapenem-resistant profile, highlighting the need to improve quality control standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T06:45:07Z","timestamp":1642488307000},"page":"385-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parasitological, microbiological, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of raw and drinking water in a tourist city in the tri-border region of South America"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gustavo Strieder","family":"Scherer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central do Estado do Paran\u00e1 (LACEN), Unidade de Fronteira, Foz do Igua\u00e7u, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Averaldo Guiguet","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Departamento de Patologia B\u00e1sica, Laborat\u00f3rio de Parasitologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane Ara\u00fajo","family":"Greinert Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Parasitologia, Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronalda Silva","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (CETESB), Divis\u00e3o de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia Regina","family":"Beux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Departamento de Patologia B\u00e1sica, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5051-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neide Martins","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Letras e Sa\u00fade, Grupo de Pesquisa em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias (GPDIP), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1 (UNIOESTE), Foz do Igua\u00e7u, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA\/AWWA\/WEF","year":"2017","edition":"23th edn"},{"issue":"15","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1620-3","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in two watersheds in the metropolitan region of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2018.047","article-title":"River water analysis using a multiparametric approach: Portuguese river as a case study","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.160","article-title":"High prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in river water, upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C5","first-page":"717","article-title":"Microbiological quality of natural waters on the resistance profile of heterotrophic bacteria to antimicrobials","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Engenharia Sanit\u00e1ria e Ambiental"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C6","author":"Brazil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C7","unstructured":"Brazil. Minist\u00e9rio do Turismo do Brasil\n          2019\n          Estudo da Demanda Tur\u00edstica Internacional 2019. Ministry of Tourism of Brazil. 2019 Study of International Tourism Demand 2019. Available from: www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br\/2016-02-04-11-54-03\/demanda-turistica-internacional.html. Demanda tur\u00edstica internacional \u2013 Dados e Fatos (turismo.gov.br) (accessed 27 July 2021)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.312","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in surface water supply of Campinas, southeast Brazil","volume":"62","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C9","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-First Information Supplement: CLSI Document M100-S21","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute \u2013 CLSI","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006005","article-title":"Giardiasis as a neglected disease in Brazil: systematic review of 20 years of publications","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C11","first-page":"460","article-title":"Conurbation Border and Tourism in Triple Frontier: Foz do Igua\u00e7u (Br), Ciudad Del Este (Py) e Puerto Iguaz\u00fa (Ar)","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Rosa dos Ventos"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C12","first-page":"14","article-title":"Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks \u2013 an update 2011\u20132016","volume":"114","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C13","unstructured":"Ferreira\n            A. 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Mastering Dissertation, West Paran\u00e1 State University, Foz do Igua\u00e7u, Brazil."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2020.515","article-title":"A review of Cryptosporidium spp. and their detection in water","volume":"83","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Science & Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304","article-title":"A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply","volume":"331","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C16","unstructured":"Moura\n            J. E.\n          , PenaforteC., KertiR., DaufenbachL. Z., CamargoN. J., TrevisanR., SilvaL. A., SantosS. F., AssamuraM. H., SilveiraN. T. M., GerolomoM., CalixtoC. E. A., FlorianoN. 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Managing Microbial Water Quality in Piped Water Distributions Systems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C30","volume-title":"Improving Nutrition Outcomes with Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Practical Solutions for Policies and Programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030417274727400_JWH-D-21-00256C31","first-page":"386","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species","volume":"65","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/20\/2\/385\/1017663\/jwh0200385.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/20\/2\/385\/1017663\/jwh0200385.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T12:46:57Z","timestamp":1646398017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/20\/2\/385\/86262\/Parasitological-microbiological-and-antimicrobial"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2022.256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}}}