{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1791252155874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201300490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201300490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TGEHIPR 150713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGEHIPR 150713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201300490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201300490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TGEHIPR 150713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGEHIPR 150713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Rising temperatures are increasing environmental habitats for thermotolerant pathogens, such as the so-called \u2018brain-eating amoeba\u2019, Naegleria fowleri. To the best of our knowledge, however, Naegleria species have not been reported in environmental water sources in Canada. We surveyed popular recreational lakes in Alberta, Canada during the summer bathing period to determine the presence or absence of Naegleria species. While N. fowleri was not isolated in this study, we identified other thermotolerant species, including Naegleria pagei, Naegleria gruberi, Naegleria jejuensis and Naegleria fultoni using culture-based methods, hence indicating the potential conditions to support N. fowleri. Ongoing monitoring and examination of water for pathogenic amoebae is recommended in order to assist in the public health management of water sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T14:19:55Z","timestamp":1676643595000},"page":"439-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["First evidence of free-living <i>Naegleria<\/i> species in recreational lakes of Alberta, Canada"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dlusskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Oloroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3853-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashbolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C1","article-title":"Isolation of protozoa from water associated with legionellosis outbreak and demonstration of intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C2","unstructured":"Bush\n            E.\n           & LemmenD. 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(accessed 12 November)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C3","article-title":"Isolation and molecular identification of free-living amoebae of the genus Naegleria from Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions","volume":"42","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Protistology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C4","article-title":"Permissiveness of freshly isolated environmental strains of amoebae for growth of Legionella pneumophila","volume":"363","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C5","article-title":"Geographic range of recreational water-associated primary amebic meningoencephalitis, United States, 1978-2018","volume":"27","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C6","article-title":"Lethal encounters: the evolving spectrum of amoebic meningoencephalitis","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"13","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C7","article-title":"Growth dynamic of Naegleria fowleri in a microbial freshwater biofilm","volume":"46","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C8","article-title":"Survey of Naegleria and its resisting bacteria-Legionella in hot spring water of Taiwan using molecular method","volume":"106","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C9","article-title":"Comparative study of six strains of Naegleria with special reference to nonpathogenic variants of Naegleria fowleri","volume":"24","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Journal of Protozoology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C10","article-title":"Rapid identification of thermophilic Naegleria, including Naegleria fowleri using API ZYM system","volume":"38","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C11","article-title":"Vertical distribution of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in freshwater lakes","volume":"32","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of Protozoology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C12","article-title":"Is Naegleria fowleri an emerging parasite?","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C13","article-title":"Biology of Naegleria spp","volume":"52","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiological Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C14","article-title":"Characterization of a drinking water distribution pipeline terminally colonized by Naegleria fowleri","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C15","unstructured":"Page\n            F. 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Freshwater Biological Association."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C16","article-title":"Analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers in Naegleria spp. and in N. fowleri","volume":"47","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C17","article-title":"Morphologie de la paroi kystique et taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa: Amoebida)","volume":"13","year":"1977","journal-title":"Protistologica"},{"issue":"16","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C18","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri in drinking water distribution systems","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C19","article-title":"Detection of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri by using conventional and real-time PCR based on a single copy DNA sequence","volume":"161","year":"2016","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C20","article-title":"A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of Naegleria spp. in water sources","volume":"67","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C21","article-title":"Cultivation of pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebas","volume":"15","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C222"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C22","article-title":"Cladophora in the Great Lakes: impacts on beach water quality and human health","volume":"62","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"24","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C23","article-title":"Summer E. coli patterns and responses along 23 Chicago beaches","volume":"42","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C24","unstructured":"World Weather Attribution\n          2021\n          Western North American Extreme Heat Virtually Impossible Without Human-Caused Climate Change. Available from: https:\/\/www.Worldweatherattribution.Org\/Westernnorth- American-Extreme-Heat-Virtually-Impossible-Withouthuman- Caused-Climate-Change\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C25","article-title":"Comparison of next-generation droplet digital PCR with quantitative PCR for enumeration of Naegleria fowleri in environmental water and clinical samples","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062107432686800_JWH-D-22-00325C26","article-title":"Distribution of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and Naegleria and Hartmannella amoebae in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy","volume":"112","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/21\/3\/439\/1241338\/jwh0210439.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/21\/3\/439\/1241338\/jwh0210439.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T07:43:52Z","timestamp":1687333432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/21\/3\/439\/93589\/First-evidence-of-free-living-Naegleria-species-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2023.325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]}}}