{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:22:22Z","timestamp":1792696942850,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021116","name":"Iran Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a pressing public health concern. Here, we investigated the frequency of CRE bacteria, carbapenemase-encoding genes, and the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewater resources and healthy carriers in Iran. Out of 617 Enterobacterales bacteria, 24% were carbapenem-resistant. The prevalence of CRE bacteria in livestock and poultry wastewater at 34% and hospital wastewater at 33% was significantly higher (P \u2264 0.05) than those in healthy carriers and municipal wastewater at 22 and 17%, respectively. The overall colonization rate of CRE in healthy individuals was 22%. Regarding individual Enterobacterales species, the following percentages of isolates were found to be CRE: E. coli (18%), Citrobacter spp. (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), Proteus spp. (40%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Yersinia spp. (17%), Hafnia spp. (31%), Providencia spp. (21%), and Serratia spp. (36%). The blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 97% of CRE isolates, while the blaNDM and blaVIM genes were detected in 24 and 3% of isolates, respectively. The B2 phylogroup was the most prominent group identified in carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates, accounting for 80% of isolates. High prevalence of CRE with transmissible carbapenemase genes among healthy people and wastewater in Iran underscores the need for assertive measures to prevent further dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T09:26:17Z","timestamp":1716974777000},"page":"1053-1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales<\/i> in wastewater resources and healthy carriers: A survey in Iran"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Khavandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Habibzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Sardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Arzanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"},{"name":"e Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001485"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2194633"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0159-8"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.428"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00549-9"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2024.041-8","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 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