{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:41:32Z","timestamp":1789692092271,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32ES015459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES015459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional de Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, Programa Operacional Regional do Norte","award":["COVIDETECT, ref. 048467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVIDETECT, ref. 048467"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013281","name":"Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Aquatic\/006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Aquatic\/006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["SAICTCOVID\/72536\/2020 da FCT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTCOVID\/72536\/2020 da FCT"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022401","name":"Fulbright U.S. Student Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, mecA statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T12:30:41Z","timestamp":1723033841000},"page":"1683-1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Wastewater surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes during the late 2020 SARS-CoV-2 peak in two different populations"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9894-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Philo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica R.","family":"Fuhrmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8983-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Scott","family":"Meschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138764","article-title":"First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community","volume":"728","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000813","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lung infection in coronavirus disease 2019: How common?","volume":"35","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa326","article-title":"Antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19: A \u2018snapshot\u2019 infectious diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) survey","volume":"75","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C4","first-page":"110","article-title":"CTX-M enzymes: Origin and diffusion","volume":"3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671428","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.671428","article-title":"Seasonal patterns in incidence and antimicrobial resistance of common bacterial pathogens in nursing home patients and their rooms","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          2019a\n          About Antibiotic Resistance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP). Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/about.html (accessed January 28 2020)."},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532","volume-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          2022\n          Wastewater Surveillance: A New Frontier for Public Health. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/amd\/whats-new\/wastewater-surveillance.html (accessed 17 October 2022)."},{"key":"2024092710413974600_JWH-D-24-00161C9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases & Promotion, D. O. 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