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Wastewater serves as a reservoir for these bacteria, contributing to the evolution and transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains. The research aims to identify ESBL bacterium in wastewater samples from District Kohat. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were confirmed as ESBL-producing bacteria through a comprehensive array of diagnostic procedures, including Gram staining, biochemical analyses, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Fecal coliform count (FCC) analyses revealed varying microorganism levels. Both E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates showed ESBL enzyme expression, indicating antibiotic resistance. Resistance patterns included ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for both species. E. coli displayed higher sensitivity for chloramphenicol, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin. Ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentration results showed E. coli's higher resistance. 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The study provides crucial insights into microbial characteristics, fecal contamination, ESBL production, and antibiotic resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, advocating for monitoring and mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T11:30:38Z","timestamp":1734348638000},"page":"26-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wastewater microbiology: occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant extended-spectrum <i>\u03b2<\/i>-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the district wastewater system"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mohany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. 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