{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:26:01Z","timestamp":1792621561450,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006662","name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1001954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales bacteria cause severe hard-to-treat infections. Currently, they are spreading beyond hospitals and becoming a serious global health concern. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and AmpC-type \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE, AmpC-PE) in wastewater from livestock and poultry slaughterhouses in Ardabil, Iran. A total of 80 Enterobacterales bacteria belonging to 9 species were identified. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli (n = 21\/80; 26.2%) and Citrobacter spp. (n = 18\/80; 22.5%) exhibited the highest frequency. Overall, 18.7% (n = 15\/80) and 2.5% (n = 2\/80) of Enterobacterales were found to be ESBL and AmpC producers, respectively. The most common ESBL producer isolates were E. coli (n = 9\/21; 42.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 6\/7; 85.7%). All AmpC-PE isolates belonged to E. coli strains (n = 2\/21; 9.5%). In this study, 80% of ESBL-PE and 100% of AmpC-PE isolates were recovered from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. All ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE isolates were multidrug-resistant. In total, 93.3% of ESBL-PE isolates harbored the blaCTX-M gene, with the blaCTX-M-15 being the most common subgroup. The emergence of ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE in wastewater of food-producing animals allows for zoonotic transmission to humans through contaminated food products and contaminations of the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T07:15:18Z","timestamp":1709622918000},"page":"572-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular characterization and prevalence of <i>\u03b2<\/i>-lactamase-producing <i>Enterobacterales<\/i> in livestock and poultry slaughterhouses wastewater in Iran"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mehran","family":"Sardari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 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