{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:45:05Z","timestamp":1778946305091,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic, free-living amoeba ubiquitous in the environment. Despite reports of its wide distribution in the Philippines\u2019 freshwater resources, more information on the long-term viability of the Acanthamoeba species is needed. This study aimed to define the long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples after 3 years of storage at room temperature. Stored water samples from 15 study sites were filtered through a 1.2-\u03bcm pore size glass microfiber filter, cultured in non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with Escherichia coli, and observed for amoebic growth for 14 days using light microscopy. Isolates from positive NNA culture were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using JDP1 and JDP2 Acanthamoeba-specific primers. The study site positivity was 33% (5\/15). Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Acanthamoeba lenticulata were isolated from Luzon; Acanthamoeba divionensis was isolated from Visayas; and Acanthamoeba sp. and genotype T20 were isolated from Mindanao. The long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species is an added risk factor for the sustained contamination of aquatic resources and other sample matrices. This heightens the risk of transmission to humans and animals. This study demonstrated that water samples fated for Acanthamoeba studies can be stored unpreserved at room temperature for several years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:13:02Z","timestamp":1728907982000},"page":"2194-2205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First report on the long-term viability of <i>Acanthamoeba<\/i> species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples stored at room temperature"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick R.","family":"Masangkay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fausto C.","family":"Rona IV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel Jasmine G.","family":"Poricallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael Louis M.","family":"Padua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marielle Sabina S.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine Kate M.","family":"Ricacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica Jane E.","family":"Samar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela I.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitbanjong","family":"Tangpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manas","family":"Kotepui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Medical Technology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark F. 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