{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T04:11:44Z","timestamp":1745986304336,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with multiple antibiotic-resistance genes in wastewater pose serious public health risks, as they can potentially contaminate the food and water supply. The main aim of this study was to isolate and identify E. coli and K. pneumoniae from community wastewater samples, and determine their antibiotic-resistance profiles and their antibiotic-resistant genes. From the northern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 36 wastewater samples were collected across 11 different areas, which were then serially diluted, and cultured using selective media. Isolates were identified via polymerase chain reaction. Out of the 197 isolates identified, E. coli and K. pneumoniae accounted for 55.8% (n = 110) and 44.2% (n = 87), respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed multidrug resistance (MDR) in 30% of E. coli and 35.56% of K. pneumoniae isolates. Among E. coli, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes included blaNDM-1 (8.9%), blaSHV (13.9%), and blaCTX-M (7.6%). In K. pneumoniae, the percentages were blaNDM-1 (12.8%), blaSHV (4.3%), and blaCTX-M (5.0%). Co-existence of multiple antibiotic-resistance genes was observed in 4.54% of E. coli isolates (n = 5) and 5.74% of K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 5). This suggests the escalating issue of infectious species becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics in wastewater systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2025.286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T15:37:28Z","timestamp":1743608248000},"page":"461-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing the co-existence of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> isolates in community wastewater samples of Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2306-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maftuha","family":"Ahmad Zahra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasfia","family":"Tasnim Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"},{"name":"b London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamima","family":"Nasreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarin Tasnim Rafia","family":"Zarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerin Tasnim Siddiqa Elma","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"},{"name":"c Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Melbourne, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahim Kabir Monjurul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha-224 Bir Uttam Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.319"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-0702-4"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100738"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2013.47a2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.51847\/TGx8aLP7mY","article-title":"The coexistence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154890"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12082124"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00047-19"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.428"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115502"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.183-190.2001"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03108-0"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wh.2025.286-13","unstructured":"Hudzicki J. 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