{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:43:22Z","timestamp":1791254602500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013635","name":"Wyoming Water Research Program, University of Wyoming","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n                  <jats:p>Surface water is vital for drinking, recreation, wildlife, agriculture, and industry, highlighting the need for routine microbiological monitoring. Escherichia coli (E. coli) in environmental waters serves as a key indicator of fecal contamination and is essential for monitoring water quality. We investigated the phylogenetic diversity, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of E. coli strains isolated from surface water in the Laramie River watershed, used for agriculture and recreation. Phylogenetic analysis of 109 isolates identified phylogroup A as the most prevalent (74.3%), followed by E (11%), B2 (8.2%), and B1 (6.4%), indicating contamination from diverse animal and human sources. Multiplex PCR characterized 7.33% of isolates as diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) the most frequently detected pathotypes (2.75% each). AMR analysis determined that 50.42% of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to tetracycline (44.4%) and ampicillin (19.6%). Multiple resistance patterns were associated with wastewater and agricultural runoff, with elevated resistance observed downstream of wastewater treatment plants. These findings provide insights into the interactions between E. coli diversity, pathogenicity, and AMR in the watershed, emphasizing the need for proactive water quality management to address anthropogenic impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2026.091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:19:33Z","timestamp":1770740373000},"page":"93-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and characterization of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    isolated from the surface water of the Laramie River, Wyoming"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Harneel","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"},{"name":"b Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Ruehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"},{"name":"d Program in Ecology and Evolution, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Ghorbani Tajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3145-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bledar","family":"Bisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku079","article-title":"Wastewater effluent contributes to the dissemination of CTX-M-15 in the natural environment","volume":"69","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C2","first-page":"681473","article-title":"Role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence factors in development of urinary-tract infection and kidney damage","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nephrology"},{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7103657","article-title":"Water microbiology: bacterial pathogens and water","volume":"7","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.017","article-title":"Detection of antimicrobial-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains in surface water used to irrigate food products in the northwest of Mexico","volume":"304","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Escherichia coli phylogenetic group determination and its application in identifying the major animal source of faecal contamination","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"key":"2026031903214920600_JWH-D-25-00091C6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. 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