{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:56:12Z","timestamp":1773921372634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UMSA-SIDA Diarrheal Diseases Subprogram"},{"name":"SIDA-WATCH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n                  <jats:p>Enteric infections remain a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, disproportionately affecting young children. We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the prevalence of enteropathogens among mothers and children from peri-urban and rural communities in the La Paz River Basin Bolivia, and to examine associations with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions. Fecal samples were analyzed by real-time PCR to detect 21 viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, alongside household surveys and water quality assessments. Sixteen pathogens were detected, 85% of participants carried at least one pathogen, with frequent coinfections. The most prevalent pathogens were Helicobacter pylori, adenovirus, EPEC, Giardia lamblia, and Shigella. Pathogen carriage was higher in rural than in peri-urban settings, with bacterial infections predominating in the lower basin and viral infections in the upper basin. Children carried more viral and parasitic pathogens, while mothers had more bacterial pathogens. Significant mother\u2013child concordance was observed for several pathogens, supporting shared household exposures. Enteric pathogen carriage was strongly associated with drinking water source, sanitation practices, housing quality, and hygiene behaviors, particularly reliance on cistern\/spring water, open defecation, and inadequate hand hygiene. These findings highlight a substantial and heterogeneous burden of enteric infections, underscoring the need for integrated WASH interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2026.243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:52:55Z","timestamp":1771001575000},"page":"239-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of enteric pathogens in mothers and children from communities in the La Paz River Basin Bolivia; associations with water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cinthia","family":"Copeticona-Callejas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Torrez-Mamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Choque-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Agramont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"},{"name":"b Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"c Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Mamani-Jarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"},{"name":"b Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"c Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Inchauste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es (IRBA), Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Priet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es (IRBA), Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Liera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3660-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volga","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.9.3904-3907.2001","article-title":"Potential role of fomites in the vehicular transmission of human astroviruses","volume":"67","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0220","article-title":"Diarrheagenic escherichia coli: prevalence and pathotype distribution in children from Peruvian rural communities","volume":"95","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3458-3464.1999","article-title":"Case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"37","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C4","first-page":"5020490","article-title":"Frequency of gastrointestinal parasites, anemia, and nutritional status among children from different geographical regions of Bolivia","volume":"2023","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011475","article-title":"Shigella and childhood stunting: evidence, gaps, and future research directions","volume":"17","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2166\/washdev.2017.179","article-title":"Exposure to sewage from on-site sanitation and child health: a spatial analysis of linkages and externalities in peri-urban Bolivia","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786361231196527","DOI":"10.1177\/11786361231196527","article-title":"Occurrence of diarrheagenic pathogens and their coinfection profiles in diarrheic under five children and tracked human contacts in urban and rural settings of eastern Ethiopia","volume":"16","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology Insights"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C8","first-page":"43","article-title":"Hygiene practices and investigation of waterborne parasites in private underground tanks in rural areas of Tunisia","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-14","article-title":"Human astroviruses","volume":"27","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C10","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","year":"2017","edition":"23rd edn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301528","article-title":"Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children","volume":"98","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C13","first-page":"907","article-title":"Urban versus rural prevalence of intestinal parasites using multi-Parallel qPCR in Colombia","volume":"104","year":"2021","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy068","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction and child stunting","volume":"77","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00141-23","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00141-23","article-title":"Circulation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates expressing CS23 from the environment to clinical settings","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2021.e00217","article-title":"Geographic differences in the distribution of parasitic infections in children of Bolivia","volume":"14","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300102","article-title":"Selection of a cutoff value for real-time polymerase chain reaction results to fit a diagnostic purpose: analytical and epidemiologic approaches","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv296","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892010001200004","article-title":"Maternal behavior and experience, care access, and agency as determinants of child diarrhea in Bolivia","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica=Pan American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007211","article-title":"The seasonality of diarrheal pathogens: a retrospective study of seven sites over three years","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008180","article-title":"Environmental and spatial determinants of enteric pathogen infection in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C22","year":"2015"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218078","article-title":"Associations between household-level exposures and all-cause diarrhea and pathogen-specific enteric infections in children enrolled in five sentinel surveillance studies","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14038","article-title":"Anemia in Bolivian children: a comparative analysis among three regions of different altitudes","volume":"1450","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C25","first-page":"10.1128\/spectrum.00300-21","article-title":"Nonenteric adenoviruses associated with gastroenteritis in hospitalized children","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.03.005","article-title":"Pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"221","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C27","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C28","first-page":"333","article-title":"Chapter 9: models for proportions: binomial GLMs","volume-title":"Generalized Linear Models With Examples in R","author":"Dunn","year":"2018"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8725","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01710","article-title":"Animal feces contribute to domestic fecal contamination: evidence from E. coli measured in water, hands, food, flies, and soil in Bangladesh","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032004000400008","article-title":"Evidence of mother-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arquivos de Gastroenterologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01166-08","article-title":"Association of diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea","volume":"47","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21001","article-title":"Influence of enteric viruses on gastroenteritis in Albania: epidemiological and molecular analysis","volume":"79","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C33","first-page":"79","article-title":"Microbiological characterization of drinking water and socio-environmental study in the peri-urban area of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina","volume":"23","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000025","article-title":"High prevalence of selected viruses and parasites and their predictors in Malawian children","volume":"147","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7110371","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status in children under five years old: a systematic review","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14758","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05060","article-title":"Detection and quantification of enteric pathogens in aerosols near open wastewater canals in cities with poor sanitation","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29556-2","article-title":"Enteric infections and management practices among communities in a rural setting of northwest Ethiopia","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1086\/342910","article-title":"Seroincidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of rural bolivian children: acquisition and analysis of possible risk factors","volume":"35","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11673","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02421","article-title":"Measuring environmental exposure to enteric pathogens in low-income settings: review and recommendations of an interdisciplinary working group","volume":"54","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.060798-0","article-title":"Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13106","article-title":"The different ecological niches of enterotoxigenic E scherichia coli","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac241","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac241","article-title":"Burden, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and seasonality of adenovirus 40\/41 diarrhea in children in eight low-resource settings","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210735","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210735","article-title":"Diarrheal bacterial pathogens and multi-resistant enterobacteria in the Choqueyapu River in La Paz, Bolivia","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997849","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.997849","article-title":"Conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance IncN plasmids from environmental waterborne bacteria to Escherichia coli","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C46","author":"HAdV Working Group","year":""},{"issue":"9694","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60950-8","article-title":"Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing","volume":"374","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7886","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01090-06","article-title":"Identification of human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses for determination of sources of fecal contamination in the environment","volume":"72","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1075-y","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and enteric parasites co-infection among diarrheic and non-diarrheic Egyptian children: seasonality, estimated risks, and predictive factors","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C50","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica \u2013 INE","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C51","volume-title":"Encuesta de Demograf\u00eda Y Salud (EDSA) 2016","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c07753","article-title":"Environmental exposures associated with enteropathogen infection in six-month-old children enrolled in the ECoMiD cohort along a rural\u2013urban gradient in northern Ecuador","volume":"59","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C53","first-page":"S123","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical severity, and seasonality of adenovirus 40\/41, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus among young children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea: results from the vaccine impact on diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study","volume":"76","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C54","first-page":"432","article-title":"Multiple correspondence analysis and its applications","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1421887","article-title":"When is helicobacter pylori acquired in populations in developing countries? A birth-cohort study in Bangladeshi children","volume":"9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006956","article-title":"Risk factors for childhood enteric infection in urban Maputo, Mozambique: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2246-2250.2005","article-title":"Five-year follow-up study of mother-to-child transmission of helicobacter pylori infection detected by a random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting method","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.04.007","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy: critical implications of a poorly understood condition","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.013","article-title":"Persistence and reactivation of human adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"issue":"9888","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.12.003","article-title":"Environmental persistence and transfer of enteric viruses","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482497","DOI":"10.1080\/20565623.2025.2482497","article-title":"Rate of Helicobacter pylori acquisition in children and evidence of mother-child transmission in a Sub-Saharan setting","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Science OA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.07.064","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and stool load of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli infections in U.S. children and adults","volume":"163","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220263","article-title":"Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand, 2011 to 2017","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00691-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990\u20132021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"25","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0271099","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271099","article-title":"Associations of bacterial enteropathogens with systemic inflammation, iron deficiency, and anemia in preschool-age children in southern Ghana","volume":"17","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00051-6","article-title":"Monitoring of diverse enteric pathogens across environmental and host reservoirs with TaqMan array cards and standard qPCR: a methodological comparison study","volume":"5","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C68","first-page":"124","article-title":"Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission","volume":"49","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0"},{"issue":"Suppl_4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S303","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis789","article-title":"Factors that explain excretion of enteric pathogens by persons without diarrhea","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9112058","article-title":"Biological indicators for fecal pollution detection and source tracking: a review","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"10051","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X","article-title":"Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to identify causes of diarrhoea in children: a reanalysis of the GEMS case-control study","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03628.x","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is detectable in water samples from an endemic area by real-time PCR","volume":"104","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84939","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084939","article-title":"Enteric pathogens in stored drinking water and on caregiver's hands in Tanzanian households with and without reported cases of child diarrhea","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C74","first-page":"276","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e806","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1528","article-title":"Duration of postdiarrheal enteric pathogen carriage in young children in low-resource settings","volume":"72","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010722","article-title":"Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: findings from three birth cohorts over eight years","volume":"16","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00563-6","article-title":"Is detection of enteropathogens and human or animal faecal markers in the environment associated with subsequent child enteric infections and growth: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"12","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C78","first-page":"s21","article-title":"Malnutrition in all its forms and socioeconomic status in Bolivia","volume":"23","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.3390\/w17162410","article-title":"Enteropathogenic bacteria in water sources associated with faecal waste from open defecation and animals in rural communities of vhembe district, South Africa","volume":"17","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro955","article-title":"Persistent bacterial infections: the interface of the pathogen and the host immune system","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C81","first-page":"204","article-title":"Astroviruses","year":"2008","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03141-23","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03141-23","article-title":"Bacterial diversity and resistome analysis of drinking water stored in cisterns from two first nations communities in Manitoba, Canada","volume":"12","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050607","article-title":"Incidence of asymptomatic shigella infection and association with the composite index of anthropometric failure among children aged 1\u201324 months in Low-Resource settings","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12330","article-title":"Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: making the links","volume":"1308","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010597","article-title":"Fear, efficacy, and environmental health risk reporting: complex responses to water quality test results in Low-Income communities","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.03.017","article-title":"New insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection","volume":"102","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C87","first-page":"28","article-title":"Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in mother-child Pairs in Ile-Ife, South Western Nigeria","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.438","article-title":"Enteropathogenic bacteria in the La Paz River of Bolivia","volume":"57","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2021.212","article-title":"Detection of enteric bacteria in two groundwater sources and associated microbial health risks","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.02.011","article-title":"Carriage of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli by older children and adults in Accra, Ghana","volume":"104","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-023-00857-4","article-title":"Global investigation of the presence of adenovirus in different types of water resources: a systematic review","volume":"35","year":"2024","journal-title":"VirusDisease"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061100","article-title":"Human astrovirus outbreak in a daycare center and propagation among household contacts","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C93","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001781","article-title":"Potential diarrheal pathogens common also in healthy children in Angola","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11537","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02811","article-title":"Exposure to animal feces and human health: a systematic review and proposed research priorities","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02677.x","article-title":"Bacterial hand contamination among Tanzanian mothers varies temporally and following household activities","volume":"16","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e564","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00151-5","article-title":"Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED)","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2132-6","article-title":"Impact of urban contamination of the La Paz River basin on thermotolerant coliform density and occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric pathogens in river water, irrigated soil and fresh vegetables","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0324","article-title":"Enteropathogens and gut inflammation in asymptomatic infants and children in different environments in Southern India","volume":"98","year":"2018","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37481-y","article-title":"Association between viral seasonality and meteorological factors","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.465-483.2005","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention","volume":"18","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071541","article-title":"Significantly longer shedding of norovirus compared to rotavirus and adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.26277","article-title":"Unintended consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection in children in developing countries","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00389","article-title":"Microbial characterization, factors contributing to contamination, and household use of cistern water, U.S. Virgin Islands","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Es&t Water"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C105","first-page":"38","article-title":"Multiresistencia antimicrobiana asociada a integrones en enteropat\u00f3genos de la diarrea infantil y Escherichia coli de la flora normal en ni\u00f1os menores de 5 a\u00f1os en la ciudad de La Paz","volume":"50","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cuadernos Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw082","article-title":"Determinants and impact of giardia infection in the first 2 years of life in the MAL-ED birth cohort","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011777","article-title":"Epidemiology of giardiasis and assemblages A and B and effects on diarrhea and growth trajectories during the first 8 years of life: analysis of a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador","volume":"17","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.174","article-title":"E. coli contamination of drinking water sources in rural and urban settings: an analysis of 38 nationally representative household surveys (2014\u20132021)","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.09.021","article-title":"Assessing the impact of sanitation on indicators of fecal exposure along principal transmission pathways: a systematic review","volume":"219","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.322","article-title":"Detection and quantification of adenovirus, polyomavirus, and papillomavirus in urban sewage","volume":"22","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"1821","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20143085","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.3085","article-title":"Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age","volume":"282","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00174","article-title":"Physicochemical parameters and alarming coliform count of the potable water of eastern himalayan state sikkim: an indication of severe fecal contamination and immediate health risk","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-05158-3","article-title":"Hygiene practice and diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C114","first-page":"72","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, transmission routes and recurrence of infection: state of the art","volume":"89","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica\u202f: Atenei Parmensis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001208","article-title":"Narrowing of the diagnostic gap of acute gastroenteritis in children 0\u20136 years of Age using a combination of classical and molecular techniques, delivers challenges in syndromic approach diagnostics","volume":"35","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C116","author":"Stockholm Environment Institute","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530828","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1530828","article-title":"Hygiene and food safety practices among mothers as predictors of diarrhea risk in toddlers in Purwawinangun Village, West Java, Indonesia","volume":"13","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C118","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiological quality of water, associated management practices and risks at source, transport and storage points in a rural community of Lungwena, Malawi","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.12.011","article-title":"Immune system development during early childhood in tropical Latin America: evidence for the age-dependent down regulation of the innate immune response","volume":"138","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)"},{"issue":"s2","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01938.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in adults engaged in wastewater-fed agriculture and aquaculture in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30401-3","article-title":"Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of diarrhoea among children younger than 5 years: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C122","volume-title":"Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Five Years Into the SDGs","author":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-010-9025-6","article-title":"Issues concerning survival of viruses on surfaces","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food and Environmental Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2586-3","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia infection in households of Giardia cases and risk factors for household transmission","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21270-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for enteric infections from 1990 to 2019","volume":"25","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C126","volume-title":"WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases: Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007\u20132015","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10393","key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00458-0","article-title":"Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes","volume":"401","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026031903220501600_JWH-D-25-00243C128","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Fourth Edition Incorporating the First and Second Addenda","author":"World Health Organization (ed.)","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Journal of Water and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/239\/1607285\/jwh2026243.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/239\/1607285\/jwh2026243.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:22:29Z","timestamp":1773904949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/jwh\/article\/24\/2\/239\/110854\/Prevalence-of-enteric-pathogens-in-mothers-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2026.243","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8920","1996-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-7829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}}}