{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:44:40Z","timestamp":1774061080484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium is a well-known cause of diarrhoea in humans. Little is known about risk factors associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis, which constitutes the majority of cases. We carried out meta-analyses to verify if drinking water is also associated with endemic infection and to assess the magnitude of the associations. The global meta-analysis suggests that there is an increased risk of Cryptosporidium infection among unsafe water users (OR 1.40 [1.15, 1.72]). Studies were stratified, according to the exposure to different sources of safe drinking water, due to the heterogeneity presented. The consumption of non-well and unboiled water was associated with an increased chance of endemic cryptosporidiosis, though only the latter was significant (OR 1.45 [0.95, 2.20]; OR 1.61 [1.09, 2.38]). Drinking non-bottled water did not present a risk factor associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis (OR 0.87 [0.72, 1.05]). These meta-analyses present results that could be useful to clarify the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium. We recommend that other risk factors could also be studied by this approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2006.474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]],"date-time":"2006-08-23T10:58:14Z","timestamp":1156330694000},"page":"231-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Endemic Cryptosporidium infection and drinking water source: a systematic review and meta-analyses"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"F.A.S.","family":"Gualberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Contorno, 842 sala 715, Centro, ZIP 30.110-060, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/54\/3\/231\/431676\/231.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/54\/3\/231\/431676\/231.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T21:21:09Z","timestamp":1585344069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/54\/3\/231\/13129\/Endemic-Cryptosporidium-infection-and-drinking"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2006.474","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]}}}