{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:21:58Z","timestamp":1791534118323,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Direct capillary nanofiltration also in combination with an upstream powdered activated carbon treatment was tested for high quality water reuse of tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Two endocrine disruptors (BPA and EE2) and two cytostatics (CytR and 5-FU) were spiked in concentrations of 1 to 2\u2009\u03bcg\/L to evaluate the process performance. In direct NF the real total removal of the micropollutants was between 5 and 40%. Adsorption to the membrane played a major role leading to a seemingly total removal between 35 and 70%. Addition of powdered activated carbon and lignite coke dust largely reduced the influence from adsorption to the membrane and increased the total removal to &amp;gt;95 to 99.9% depending on the PAC type and dose. The cytostatics showed already in direct NF a very high removal due to unspecified losses. Further investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying mechanism. The PAC\/NF process provided a consistently high permeate quality with respect to bulk and trace organics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2008.542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T16:13:04Z","timestamp":1226592784000},"page":"1699-1706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Removal of endocrine disruptors and cytostatics from effluent by nanofiltration in combination with adsorption on powdered activated carbon"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Kazner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lehnberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Health, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 50, 52050 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kai.lehnberg@rwth-aachen.de; wdott@ukaachen.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kovalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), \u00dcberlandstr. 133, 8600 D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland E-mail: lubomira.kovalova@eawag.ch; juliane.hollender@eawag.ch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wintgens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Melin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hollender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), \u00dcberlandstr. 133, 8600 D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland E-mail: lubomira.kovalova@eawag.ch; juliane.hollender@eawag.ch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Dott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Health, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 50, 52050 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kai.lehnberg@rwth-aachen.de; wdott@ukaachen.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/58\/8\/1699\/436497\/1699.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/58\/8\/1699\/436497\/1699.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T20:42:02Z","timestamp":1585341722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/58\/8\/1699\/13373\/Removal-of-endocrine-disruptors-and-cytostatics"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2008.542","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]}}}