{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:12:42Z","timestamp":1789517562951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critical for maintaining a \u2018healthy\u2019 water system. Many systems still require manual operation, at least for water quality management. When applying real-time control, both quantity and quality standards need to be met. In this paper, an artificial polder flushing case is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to control the system. In addition to MPC, a \u2018forward estimation\u2019 procedure is used to acquire water quality predictions for the simplified model used in MPC optimization. In order to illustrate the advantages of MPC, classical control [Proportional-Integral control (PI)] has been developed for comparison in the test case. The results show that both algorithms are able to control the polder flushing process, but MPC is more efficient in functionality and control flexibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T09:52:28Z","timestamp":1267091548000},"page":"869-878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Real-time control of combined surface water quantity and quality: polder flushing"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Postbox 5048, 2600 , GA, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: min.xu@tudelft.nl; p.j.a.t.m.vanoverloop@tudelft.nl; n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"van Overloop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Postbox 5048, 2600 , GA, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: min.xu@tudelft.nl; p.j.a.t.m.vanoverloop@tudelft.nl; n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. C.","family":"van de Giesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Postbox 5048, 2600 , GA, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: min.xu@tudelft.nl; p.j.a.t.m.vanoverloop@tudelft.nl; n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Stelling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Postbox 5048, 2600 , GA, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: g.s.stelling@tudelft.nl"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/61\/4\/869\/448079\/869.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/61\/4\/869\/448079\/869.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T04:01:35Z","timestamp":1585368095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/61\/4\/869\/16119\/Realtime-control-of-combined-surface-water"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2010.847","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}}}