{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:28:35Z","timestamp":1791332915371,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This extensive study aimed at quantifying the concentrations and removal efficiency of 23 metals and metalloids in domestic wastewater passing through full-scale plants. Nine facilities were equipped with secondary biological treatment and three facilities were equipped with a tertiary treatment stage. The metals investigated were Li, B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb and U. Particulate and dissolved metals were measured using 24\u2005h composite samples at each treatment stage. In influents, total concentrations of Cd, Sb, Co, Se, U, Ag, V were below a few \u03bcg\/L, whereas at the other extremity Zn, B, Fe, Ti, Al were in the range of 0.1 to &amp;gt;1\u2005mg\/L. It was demonstrated that secondary treatment stage (activated sludge, biodisc and membrane bioreactor) were efficient to remove most metals (removal rate &amp;gt; 70%), with the exception of B, Li, Rb, Mo, Co, As, Sb and V due to their low adsorption capacities. With the tested tertiary stages (polishing pond, rapid chemical settler, ozonation), a removal efficiency was obtained for Ti, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Fe, Ag and Al, whereas a little removal (&amp;lt;30%) was obtained for other metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T15:16:35Z","timestamp":1306422995000},"page":"1967-1973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Influent concentrations and removal performances of metals through municipal wastewater treatment processes"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"J.-M.","family":"Choubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cemagref, UR MALY, 3 bis quai Chauveau \u2013 CP 220, F-69336 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pomi\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cemagref, UR MALY, 3 bis quai Chauveau \u2013 CP 220, F-69336 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Martin Ruel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cemagref, UR MALY, 3 bis quai Chauveau \u2013 CP 220, F-69336 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Coquery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cirsee, Suez Environnement, 38 rue du pr\u00e9sident Wilson, F-78230 Le Pecq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/63\/9\/1967\/445021\/1967.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/63\/9\/1967\/445021\/1967.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1585359429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/63\/9\/1967\/16792\/Influent-concentrations-and-removal-performances"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2011.126","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]}}}