{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:15:34Z","timestamp":1790763334286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Source-separated black water (BW) (toilet water) containing 38% of the organic material and 68% of the phosphorus in the total household waste (water) stream including kitchen waste, is a potential source for energy and phosphorus recovery. The energy recovered, in the form of electricity and heat, is more than sufficient for anaerobic treatment, nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery. The phosphorus balance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating concentrated BW showed a phosphorus conservation of 61% in the anaerobic effluent. Precipitation of phosphate as struvite from this stream resulted in a recovery of 0.22 kgP\/p\/y, representing 10% of the artificial phosphorus fertiliser production in the world. The remaining part of the phosphorus ended up in the anaerobic sludge, mainly due to precipitation (39%). Low dilution and a high pH favour the accumulation of phosphorus in the anaerobic sludge and this sludge could be used as a phosphorus-enriched organic fertiliser, provided that it is safe regarding heavy metals, pathogens and micro-pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,24]],"date-time":"2011-08-24T07:14:18Z","timestamp":1314170058000},"page":"2759-2765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Energy and phosphorus recovery from black water"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"M. S.","family":"de Graaff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands and Wageningen University, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands and Corresponding author is currently working at KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Temmink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands and Wageningen University, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands and Corresponding author is currently working at KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zeeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J. N.","family":"Buisman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands and Wageningen University, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/63\/11\/2759\/443768\/2759.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/63\/11\/2759\/443768\/2759.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T18:12:11Z","timestamp":1585332731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/63\/11\/2759\/14838\/Energy-and-phosphorus-recovery-from-black-water"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2011.558","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}}}