{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:16Z","timestamp":1777381336289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined a novel reuse of alum sludge, an inescapable by-product of drinking water treatment process when aluminium salt is added as a coagulant, as the main medium in a laboratory-scale multi-stage constructed wetland (CW) system for reject water treatment. Such reject water is a main concern in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) for increasing the organic and nutrient loading. A \u2018tidal flow\u2019 strategy was employed to enhance the wetland aeration to stimulate organic matters (OM) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (N) oxidation while the \u2018step feed\u2019 operation was adopted to supply the necessary amount of carbon source for denitrification. The results reveal that alum sludge acting as P adsorbent can secure the P removal. Meanwhile, high removals of N and OM can also be obtained due to the active bacteria growth on the alum sludge surface. The results show that average removal efficiencies of 65.4 \u00b1 12.3% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 67.8 \u00b1 9.2% for five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 33.6 \u00b1 17.0% for N and 99.5 \u00b1 0.49% for P can be achieved over a period of 190 days. This indicates that novel reuse of alum sludge as medium in CW system can provide a promising approach for reject water treatment. Therefore, it will significantly reduce the amount of pollutant feedback through reject water recycling in a MWWTP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,24]],"date-time":"2011-08-24T11:04:55Z","timestamp":1314183895000},"page":"2367-2373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A promising approach of reject water treatment using a tidal flow constructed wetland system employing alum sludge as main substrate"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. 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