{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:01:21Z","timestamp":1776139281825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this work is to analyze the parasitological risks of treated wastewater reuse from a stabilization pond in the city of Piracicaba, in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo (Brazil), and the level of treatment required to protect public health. Samples were taken from raw and treated wastewater in stabilization ponds and submitted to a parasitological, microbiological and physicochemical analysis. The study revealed on treated wastewater the presence of Ascaris sp. and Entamoeba coli with an average density of 1 cysts L\u22121 and 6 eggs L\u22121, respectively. For Ascaris, the annual risks of infection due to the accidental ingestion of wastewater irrigation were 7.5 \u00d7 10\u22122 in 208 days and 8.7 \u00d7 10\u22122 in 240 days. For Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in treated wastewater, the average density was 1.0 \u00d7 105 MPN\/100 ml and 2.7 \u00d7 104 MPN\/100 ml respectively, representing 99% and 94% removal efficiency, respectively. For BOD, COD, TS and TSS removal efficiency was 69, 80, 50 and 71%, respectively. The removal efficiency for nitrogen; ammonia nitrogen and total phosphate was 24, 19 and 68%, respectively. The average density of helminths eggs in treated wastewater is higher compared to the density of the limit value of \u22641 egg L\u22121 and tolerable risk is above the level recommended by the World Health Organization. Multiple barriers are necessary for the reduction of organic matter, chemical contaminants and parasites from treated wastewater. Standards for the sanitary control of treated wastewater to be reused in agricultural irrigation areas should be compiled for developing countries in order to minimize public health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,2]],"date-time":"2012-04-02T11:29:15Z","timestamp":1333366155000},"page":"1357-1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Parasitological risk assessment from wastewater reuse for disposal in soil in developing countries"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Silvana A.","family":"Cutolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 271, Departamento de Engenharia Hidr\u00e1ulica e Sanit\u00e1ria\/Escola Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 05508-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental\/Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roque P.","family":"Piveli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 271, Departamento de Engenharia Hidr\u00e1ulica e Sanit\u00e1ria\/Escola Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ferson G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental\/Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia R.","family":"Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia Isot\u00f3pica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Geoqu\u00edmica e Geof\u00edsica da Litosfera (Nupegel), Esalq\/ Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 09, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Sundefeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 271, Departamento de Engenharia Hidr\u00e1ulica e Sanit\u00e1ria\/Escola Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 271, Departamento de Engenharia Hidr\u00e1ulica e Sanit\u00e1ria\/Escola Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), CEP: 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Geoqu\u00edmica e Geof\u00edsica da Litosfera (Nupegel), Esalq\/ Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 09, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolpho J.","family":"Melfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Geoqu\u00edmica e Geof\u00edsica da Litosfera (Nupegel), Esalq\/ Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 09, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/65\/8\/1357\/442670\/1357.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/65\/8\/1357\/442670\/1357.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T00:30:55Z","timestamp":1585355455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/65\/8\/1357\/14417\/Parasitological-risk-assessment-from-wastewater"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2012.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]}}}