{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1749024532424},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Biological reuse of spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) originating from oil refineries is a promising method for the petrochemical industry because of low handling cost. SSC typically contains high concentrations of sulfur, with the most dominant sulfur compounds being sulfide (S2\u2212). SSC is also characterized by a high pH and elevated alkalinity up to 5\u201315% by weight. Because of these characteristics, SSC can be used for denitrification of NO3\u2212-N in the biological nitrogen removal process as both the electron donor and buffering agent in sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification. In this study, two kinds of SSC (SSC I, SSC II) produced from two petrochemical companies were used for autotrophic denitrification in a field-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration in this process was about 10.5 mg\/L without any external carbon sources and the nitrification efficiency was low, about 93.0%, because of alkalinity deficiency in the influent. The injection of SSC I, but not SSC II, promoted nitrification efficiency, which was attributed to the difference in the NaOH\/S ratio between SSC I and II. SSC was injected based on sulfide concentration of SSC required to denitrify NO3\u2212-N in the WWTP. SSC I had higher NaOH\/S than SSC II and thus could supply more alkalinity for nitrification than SSC II. On the other hand, additional TN removal of about 9.0% was achieved with the injection of both SSCs. However, denitrification efficiency was not proportionally increased with increasing SSC injection because of NO3\u2212-N deficiency in the anoxic tank due to the limited capacity of the recycling pump. For the same reason, sulfate concentration, which is the end product of sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrificaiton in the effluent, was also not increased with increasing SSC injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T09:46:02Z","timestamp":1374227162000},"page":"479-485","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Field-scale application of spent sulfidic caustic as a source of alternative electron donor for autotrophic denitrification"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jae-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SU Engineering Co. Ltd., Yangsan, 626-800, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeung-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SU Engineering Co. Ltd., Yangsan, 626-800, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gi-Choong","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SU Engineering Co. Ltd., Yangsan, 626-800, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Im-Gyu","family":"Byun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Technology and Industry, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/68\/2\/479\/439797\/479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/68\/2\/479\/439797\/479.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T02:59:55Z","timestamp":1585364395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/68\/2\/479\/17445\/Fieldscale-application-of-spent-sulfidic-caustic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2013.281","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]}}}