{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T01:46:07Z","timestamp":1785721567614,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>By integrating microbial fuel cells (MFCs) into constructed wetlands (CWs) the need and cost of building a reactor are eliminated, while CWs provide the simultaneous redox conditions required for optimum MFC performance. Two single-stage MFC-CWs, with dewatered alum sludge cake as the main wetland medium for enhanced phosphorus removal, were operated to determine the effects of electrode separation and flow regimes on power production and wastewater treatment. When the anode is buried and the cathode is at the air\u2013water interface the system is inhibited by a large ohmic resistance resulting from the increased electrode separation. By placing the cathode directly above the anode and operating the system with simultaneous upflow into the anode and downflow into the cathode the ohmic resistance is reduced. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was, however, reduced to 64% (compared with 79%). A two-stage system was subsequently run for fuller wastewater treatment and increased power production. The results indicate that a two-stage MFC-CW can increase the normalized energy recovery and improve removal efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen, NH4+, total phosphorus and reactive phosphorus to 93 \u00b1 1.7%, 85 \u00b1 5.2%, 90 \u00b1 5.4%, 98 \u00b1 5.3% and 99 \u00b1 2.9%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T14:23:06Z","timestamp":1437747786000},"page":"421-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Operating a two-stage microbial fuel cell\u2013constructed wetland for fuller wastewater treatment and more efficient electricity generation"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Liam","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structure and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structure and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA\/AWWA\/WEF","year":"2005","edition":"21st edn"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.12.058","article-title":"Enhanced disinfection of wastewater by combining wetland treatment with bioelectrochemical H2O2 production","volume":"155","author":"Arends","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1021\/es051652w","article-title":"Increased power generation in a continuous flow MFC with advective flow through the porous anode and reduced electrode spacing","volume":"40","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8273","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee21964f","article-title":"Improved performance of CEA microbial fuel cell with increased reactor size","volume":"5","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy and Environmental Science"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.06.073","article-title":"Performance of microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland system for decolorization of azo dye and bioelectricity generation","volume":"144","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1021\/ez4000324","article-title":"Recovery of electrical energy in microbial fuel cells: brief review","volume":"1","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology Letters"},{"issue":"17","key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1021\/es0605016","article-title":"Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology","volume":"40","author":"Logan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7100","DOI":"10.1021\/es2014264","article-title":"Domestic wastewater treatment as a net energy producer: can this be achieved?","volume":"45","author":"McCarthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.09.039","article-title":"Electricity generation from swine wastewater using microbialfuel cells","volume":"39","author":"Min","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C11","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effect of cathode biofilm and non-feeding condition on the performance of membrane-less microbial fuel cell operated under different organic loading rates","volume":"2","author":"Pilli","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Protection"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.11.033","article-title":"The effect of real-time external resistance optimization on microbial fuel cell performance","volume":"45","author":"Pinto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.005","article-title":"Operation of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland \u2013 microbial fuel cell treating wastewater under different organic loading rates","volume":"47","author":"Villasenor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C15","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Design and development of novel constructed wetland cum microbial fuel cell for electricity production and wastewater treatment","author":"Yadav","year":"2010"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2012.06.029","article-title":"Performance assessment of innovative constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for electricity production and dye removal","volume":"47","author":"Yadav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2010.08.023","article-title":"Pilot field-scale demonstration of a novel alum sludge-based constructed wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment","volume":"46","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Process Biochemistry"},{"key":"2020032801372082200_WST-EM141232R1C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.06.023","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of constructed wetland incorporating microbial fuel cell: batch and continuous flow trials","volume":"229","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/72\/3\/421\/467465\/wst072030421.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/72\/3\/421\/467465\/wst072030421.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T06:03:39Z","timestamp":1585375419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/72\/3\/421\/18993\/Operating-a-twostage-microbial-fuel"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2015.212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}}}