{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:42:03Z","timestamp":1759092123175},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated hydrocarbon, using starch supported Fe\/Ni nanoparticles was investigated. The scanning electron microscope images showed applying water soluble starch as a stabilizer for the Fe\/Ni nanoparticles tended to reduce agglomeration and discrete particle. Also the mean particle diameter reduced from about 70 nm (unsupported Fe\/Ni nanoparticle) to about 30 nm. Effects of three key independent operating parameters including initial TCE concentration (10.0\u2013300.0 mg L\u22121), initial pH (4.00\u201310.00) and Fe0 dosage (0.10\u20132.00) g L\u22121 on TCE dechlorination efficiency in 1 hour were analysed by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Based on a five-level three-factor central composite design, TCE removal efficiency was examined and optimized. The obtained RSM model fitted the experimental data to a second order polynomial equation. The optimum dechlorination conditions at initial TCE concentration 100.0 mgL\u22121 were initial pH 5.77, Fe0 dosage 1.67 g L\u22121. At these conditions TCE removal concentration reached 94.87%, which is in close acceptance with predicted value by the RSM model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T23:32:12Z","timestamp":1455924732000},"page":"935-946","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of trichloroethylene degradation by starch supported Fe\/Ni nanoparticles via response surface methodology"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Razieh","family":"Nikroo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iran","family":"Alemzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manouchehr","family":"Vossoughi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Haddadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2013.09.040","article-title":"Modeling and optimization of dye removal using \u2018green\u2019 clay supported iron nano-particles","volume":"61","author":"Abbassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.11.028","article-title":"Reductive removal of Cr(VI) by starch-stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles in aqueous solution","volume":"270","author":"Alidokht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1021\/es990884q","article-title":"Pathways and kinetics of chlorinated ethylene and chlorinated acetylene reaction with Fe(0) particles","volume":"34","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.12.054","article-title":"Entrapment of iron nanoparticles in calcium alginate beads for groundwater remediation applications","volume":"166","author":"Bezbaruah","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"21","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7437","DOI":"10.1021\/es071107q","article-title":"Effect of surface chemistry of Fe-Ni nanoparticles on mechanistic pathways of azo dye degradation","volume":"41","author":"Bokare","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(01)00193-5","article-title":"Effects of pH on dechlorination of trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00530-5","article-title":"The enhancement methods for the degradation of TCE by zero-valent metals","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"15","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.05.046","article-title":"Stabilization of highly concentrated suspensions of iron nanoparticles using shear-thinning gels of xanthan gum","volume":"43","author":"Comba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.10.013","article-title":"Influence of humic acid on the colloidal stability of surface-modified nano zero-valent iron","volume":"47","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.1021\/es0108584","article-title":"Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater treatment","volume":"35","author":"Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7048.1000161","article-title":"Response surface methodology for adsorption of fluoride ion using nanoparticle of zero valent iron from aqueous solution","volume":"4","author":"Fakhri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Process Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1021\/ic00105a009","article-title":"Chemistry of borohydride reduction of iron(II) and iron(III) ions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Formation of nanoscale Fe, FeB and Fe2B powders","volume":"34","author":"Glavee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.07.011","article-title":"Environmental benefits and risks of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in situ remediation: risk mitigation or trade-of","volume":"118","author":"Grieger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1021\/es048743y","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6216","DOI":"10.1021\/es0705543","article-title":"Manipulating the size and dispersibility of zerovalent iron nanoparticles by use of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilizers","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.12.041","article-title":"Field assessment of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron nanoparticles for in situ destruction of chlorinated solvents in source zones","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.043","article-title":"Assessment of potential positive effects of nZVI surface modification and concentration levels on TCE dechlorination in the presence of competing strong oxidants, using an experimental design","volume":"481","author":"Kaifas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330309385537","article-title":"Reductive dechlorination of TCE by zero valent bimetals","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.11.145","article-title":"Degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) immobilized in alginate bead","volume":"176","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13888","DOI":"10.1021\/es503154q","article-title":"Molecular insights of oxidation process of iron nanoparticles: spectroscopic, magnetic, and microscopic evidence","volume":"48","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.042","article-title":"Inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria in aquifer sediment by iron nanoparticles","volume":"51","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.01.030","article-title":"Enhanced reduction of chlorophenols by nanoscale zerovalent iron supported on organobentonite","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:11(1042)","article-title":"Transformation of chlorinated methanes by nanoscale iron particles","volume":"125","author":"Lien","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2004.09.005","article-title":"Dechlorination of trichloroethylene in aqueous solution by noble metal-modified iron","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C25","unstructured":"Nikroo\n              R.\n            \n          \n          2013\n          The Application of Nano Scale Iron Particles in Water Treatment. Master's Thesis, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1021\/es801955n","article-title":"Partial oxidation (\u2018aging\u2019) and surface modification decrease the toxicity of nanosized zerovalent iron","volume":"43","author":"Phenrat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"46","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13940","DOI":"10.1021\/ja029267j","article-title":"Completely \u2018green\u2019 synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles","volume":"125","author":"Raveendran","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.09.004","article-title":"Enhanced stability and dechlorination activity of pre-synthesis stabilized nanoscale FePd particles","volume":"118","author":"Sakulchaicharoen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Contam Hydrol."},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C29","volume-title":"Nanotechnology Application for Clean Water","author":"Savage","year":"2008"},{"key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1021\/cm020737i","article-title":"Hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene to hydrocarbons using bimetallic nickel \u2013 iron nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Schrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Master."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.06.067","article-title":"Dechlorination of p-chlorophenol from aqueous solution using bentonite supported Fe\/Pd nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and kinetics","volume":"280","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"18","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7062","DOI":"10.1021\/ie050086a","article-title":"Role of Ni\/Fe nanoparticle composition on the degradation of trichloroethylene from water","volume":"44","author":"Tee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.04.064","article-title":"Reduced aggregation and sedimentation of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of guar gum","volume":"324","author":"Tiraferri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1021\/es970039c","article-title":"Synthesizing nanoscale iron particle for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C35","first-page":"232","article-title":"Degradation of trichloroethylene using solvent-responsive polymer coated Fe nanoparticles","volume":"369","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.07.021","article-title":"Removal of trichloroethylene from water by cellulose acetate supported bimetallic Ni\/Fe nanoparticles","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"15","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.05.049","article-title":"Rapid and complete destruction of perchlorate in water and ion-exchange brine using stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles","volume":"41","author":"Xiong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7647","DOI":"10.1021\/es101786y","article-title":"Effect of bare and coated nanoscale zerovalent iron on tceA and vcrA gene expression in Dehalococcoides spp","volume":"44","author":"Xiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.11.030","article-title":"Chemical reduction of nitrate by nanosized iron: kinetics and pathways","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.01.028","article-title":"Degradation of soil-sorbed trichloroethylene by stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles: effects of sorption, surfactants, and natural organic matter","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032803421274700_WST-EM15899R1C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(11)60894-2","article-title":"Rapid decolorization of acid orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/73\/4\/935\/464137\/wst073040935.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/73\/4\/935\/464137\/wst073040935.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T08:19:20Z","timestamp":1585383560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/73\/4\/935\/20375\/Evaluation-of-trichloroethylene-degradation-by"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2015.566","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]}}}