{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:32:04Z","timestamp":1778754724409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of electron donors (Fe2+ and Mn2+) in the autotrophic denitrification of contaminated groundwater by bacterial strain SY6 was characterized based on empirical laboratory-scale analysis. Strain SY6 can utilize Fe2+ more efficiently than Mn2+ as an electron donor. This study has shown that the highest nitrate removal ratio, observed with Fe2+ as the electron donor, was approximately 88.89%. An immobilized biological filter reactor was tested by using three levels of influent nitrate (10, 30, and 50 mg\/L), three pH levels (6, 7, and 8), and three levels of hydraulic retention time (HRT; 6, 8, and 12 h), respectively. An optimal nitrate removal ratio of about 95% was achieved at pH 6.0 using a nitrate concentration of 50 mg\/L and HRT of 12 h with Fe2+ as an electron donor. The study showed that 90% of Fe2+ and 75.52% removal of Mn2+ were achieved at pH 8.0 with a nitrate concentration of 50 mg\/L and a HRT of 12 h. Removal ratio of Fe2+ and Mn2+ is higher with higher influent nitrate and HRT. A weakly alkaline environment assisted the removal of Fe2+ and Mn2+.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T21:19:40Z","timestamp":1466630380000},"page":"1185-1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of nitrate concentration, pH, and hydraulic retention time on autotrophic denitrification efficiency with Fe(II) and Mn(II) as electron donors"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jun-feng","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, 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