{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T08:04:14Z","timestamp":1772697854534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on the effectiveness of zeolite (10% CF-Z [0.5]) hydrothermally synthesized from waste quartz sand and calcium fluoride (CF) for ammonium ion and heavy metal removal. Zeolite was characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, micromeritics N2 adsorption\/desorption analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of CF addition, Si\/Al ratio, initial ammonium concentration, solution pH, and temperature on the adsorption of ammonium on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were further examined. Results showed that 10% CF-Z (0.5) was a single-phase zeolite A with cubic-shaped crystals and 10% CF-Z (0.5) efficiently adsorbs ammonium and heavy metals. For instance, 91% ammonium (10 mg L\u22121) and 93% lead (10 mg L\u22121) are removed. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of ammonium adsorption on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were also theoretically analyzed. The adsorption isotherm of ammonium and lead on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in single systems indicated that Freundlich model provides the best fit for the equilibrium data, whereas pseudo-second-order model best describes the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption degree of ions on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in mixed systems exhibits the following pattern: lead &amp;gt; ammonium &amp;gt; cadmium &amp;gt; chromium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:50:17Z","timestamp":1477961417000},"page":"587-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Removal of ammonium and heavy metals by cost-effective zeolite synthesized from waste quartz sand and calcium fluoride sludge"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 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