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High organic matter and fine particle composition of the sediment reduced the oxidation-reduction potential, stimulating H2S production. Use of a microsensor enabled measurement of H2S concentration profiles with submillimetre resolution, whereas the conventional sediment-sectioning method gave H2S measurements with a spatial resolution of 10 mm. Furthermore, microsensor measurements revealed H2S consumption occurring at the sediment surface in both the microbial mat and the sediment anoxic layer, which were not observed with sectioning. This H2S consumption prevented H2S release into the overlying water. However, the microsensor measurements had the potential to underestimate H2S concentrations. We propose that a combination of several techniques to measure microbial activity and determine its relationships with physicochemical properties of the sediment is essential to understanding the sulfur cycle under hypoxic conditions in eutrophic sediments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T02:05:13Z","timestamp":1479953113000},"page":"418-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High spatial resolution analysis of the distribution of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation in hypoxic sediment in a eutrophic estuary"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Rathnayake M. L. 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