{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T21:00:55Z","timestamp":1761339655176},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focused on the effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane flux caused by natural organic matter (NOM). Three model foulants, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), were adopted to represent different NOM fractions in secondary effluent treated by the combined process of PAC-UF. Moreover, the membrane fouling resistance and fouling mechanism were also analyzed. The results indicated that the best PAC dosage for the membrane flux variation was 20 mg\/L for HA and SA, and 10 mg\/L for BSA. SA caused the most serious membrane fouling, which was mainly reversible fouling. The membrane fouling caused by HA and BSA was mainly irreversible membrane fouling. The membrane fouling caused by organics happened mainly at the initial stage of filtration. Because the filter cake layer formed by a moderate amount of PAC could intercept organics, the membrane fouling, especially the irreversible fouling, could be reduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T01:45:28Z","timestamp":1484099128000},"page":"1485-1493","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The removal of typical pollutants in secondary effluent by the combined process of powdered activated carbon\u2013ultrafiltration"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianmin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Harbour Real Estate Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuimin","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.11.012","article-title":"Assessing PAC contribution to the NOM fouling control in PAC\/UF systems","volume":"44","author":"Campinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C2","first-page":"731","article-title":"Study on PAC-UF process for treatment of HuangPu River source water","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C3","unstructured":"Gao\n              X.\n            \n          \n          2014\n          Quantitative Analysis and Systematic Elucidation of the Interfacial Interactions Involved in Microfiltration Membrane Fouling by Humic Acid. 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Hefei University of Technology."},{"issue":"7185","key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06599","article-title":"Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades","volume":"452","author":"Shannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380600580011","article-title":"Effluent organic matter (EfOM) in wastewater: constituents, effects, and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Shon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032809232421900_WST-EM161239R1C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2007.07.005","article-title":"Adsorption of basic dye using activated carbon prepared from oil palm shell: batch and fixed bed 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